Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as third argument.

The rceeived events usually include a single bit per event type received +

The received events usually include a single bit per event type received (you can receive multiple events at the same time). The possible bit masks are:

@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ programs, though, so beware.

ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER

Each watcher has, by default, a member void *data that you can change -and read at any time, libev will completely ignore it. This cna be used +and read at any time, libev will completely ignore it. This can be used to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and don't want to allocate memory and store a pointer to it in that data member, you can also "subclass" the watcher type and provide your own @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ information given in the last section.

I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable in each iteration of the event loop (This behaviour is called level-triggering because you keep receiving events as long as the -condition persists. Remember you cna stop the watcher if you don't want to +condition persists. Remember you can stop the watcher if you don't want to act on the event and neither want to receive future events).

In general you can register as many read and/or write event watchers oer fd as you want (as long as you don't confuse yourself). Setting all file @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ the timer, and again will automatically restart it if need be.

`ev_periodic` - to cron or not to cron it

`ev_periodic` - to cron or not to cron

Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile (and unfortunately a bit complex).

@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ program when the crontabs have changed).

signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev will try it's best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the normal event processing, like any other event.

You cna configure as many watchers as you like per signal. Only when the +

You can configure as many watchers as you like per signal. Only when the first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal @@ -632,19 +632,22 @@ some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).

Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process pid (or any process if pid is specified as 0). The callback can look at the rstatus member of the ev_child watcher structure to see -the status word (use the macros from sys/wait.h). The rpid member -contains the pid of the process causing the status change.

+the status word (use the macros from sys/wait.h and see your systems +waitpid documentation). The rpid member contains the pid of the +process causing the status change.

`ev_idle` - when you've got nothing better to do

Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other I/O or timer (or -periodic) events pending. That is, as long as your process is busy -handling sockets or timeouts it will not be called. But when your process -is idle all idle watchers are being called again and again - until -stopped, that is, or your process receives more events.

Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending +(prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long +as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals, +imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle +watchers are being called again and again, once per event loop iteration - +until stopped, that is, or your process receives more events and becomes +busy.

The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.

Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful @@ -663,36 +666,42 @@ believe me.

prepare and check - your hooks into the event loop

Prepare and check watchers usually (but not always) are used in -tandom. Prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check -watchers afterwards.

Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in tandem: +Prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers +afterwards.

Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev. This could be used, for example, to track variable changes, implement your own watchers, integrate net-snmp or a coroutine library and lots more.

This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need -to be watched by the other library, registering ev_io watchers for them -and starting an ev_timer watcher for any timeouts (many libraries provide -just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for any -events that occured (by making your callbacks set soem flags for example) -and call back into the library.

As another example, the perl Coro module uses these hooks to integrate +to be watched by the other library, registering ev_io watchers for +them and starting an ev_timer watcher for any timeouts (many libraries +provide just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for +any events that occured (by checking the pending status of all watchers +and stopping them) and call back into the library. The I/O and timer +callbacks will never actually be called (but must be valid neverthelles, +because you never know, you know?).

As another example, the Perl Coro module uses these hooks to integrate coroutines into libev programs, by yielding to other active coroutines during each prepare and only letting the process block if no coroutines -are ready to run.

+are ready to run (its actually more complicated, it only runs coroutines +with priority higher than the event loop and one lower priority once, +using idle watchers to keep the event loop from blocking if lower-priority +coroutines exist, thus mapping low-priority coroutines to idle/background +tasks).

ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)

ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)

Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no parameters of any kind. There are ev_prepare_set and ev_check_set -macros, but using them is utterly, utterly pointless.

+macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.

OTHER FUNCTIONS

Top

There are some other fucntions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.

There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.

ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)

@@ -701,36 +710,39 @@ callback on whichever event happens first and automatically stop both watchers. This is useful if you want to wait for a single event on an fd or timeout without havign to allocate/configure/start/stop/free one or more watchers yourself.

If fd is less than 0, then no I/O watcher will be started and events is -ignored. Otherwise, an ev_io watcher for the given fd and events set -will be craeted and started.

If fd is less than 0, then no I/O watcher will be started and events +is being ignored. Otherwise, an ev_io watcher for the given fd and +events set will be craeted and started.

If timeout is less than 0, then no timeout watcher will be -started. Otherwise an ev_timer watcher with after = timeout (and repeat -= 0) will be started.

The callback has the type void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg) and -gets passed an events set (normally a combination of EV_ERROR, EV_READ, -EV_WRITE or EV_TIMEOUT) and the arg value passed to ev_once:

+started. Otherwise an ev_timer watcher with after = timeout (and +repeat = 0) will be started. While 0 is a valid timeout, it is of +dubious value.

The callback has the type void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg) and gets +passed an events set like normal event callbacks (with a combination of +EV_ERROR, EV_READ, EV_WRITE or EV_TIMEOUT) and the arg +value passed to ev_once:

  static void stdin_ready (int revents, void *arg)
   {
     if (revents & EV_TIMEOUT)
-      /* doh, nothing entered */
+      /* doh, nothing entered */;
     else if (revents & EV_READ)
-      /* stdin might have data for us, joy! */
+      /* stdin might have data for us, joy! */;
   }
 
-  ev_once (STDIN_FILENO, EV_READm 10., stdin_ready, 0);
+  ev_once (STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ, 10., stdin_ready, 0);

ev_feed_event (loop, watcher, int events)

Feeds the given event set into the event loop, as if the specified event -has happened for the specified watcher (which must be a pointer to an -initialised but not necessarily active event watcher).

+had happened for the specified watcher (which must be a pointer to an +initialised but not necessarily started event watcher).

ev_feed_fd_event (loop, int fd, int revents)

Feed an event on the given fd, as if a file descriptor backend detected it.

Feed an event on the given fd, as if a file descriptor backend detected +the given events it.

ev_feed_signal_event (loop, int signum)

ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER

ev_periodic - to cron or not to cron it

ev_periodic - to cron or not to cron

ev_idle - when you've got nothing better to do

prepare and check - your hooks into the event loop

OTHER FUNCTIONS

`ev_periodic` - to cron or not to cron it

`ev_periodic` - to cron or not to cron

`ev_idle` - when you've got nothing better to do