2 * libev event processing core, watcher management
4 * Copyright (c) 2007 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
11 * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
15 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
16 * disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
17 * with the distribution.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
20 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
21 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
22 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
23 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
24 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
25 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
26 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
27 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
28 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
29 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
43 # if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
44 # ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
45 # define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 1
47 # ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
48 # define EV_USE_REALTIME 1
51 # ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
52 # define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
54 # ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
55 # define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
59 # ifndef EV_USE_SELECT
60 # if HAVE_SELECT && HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
61 # define EV_USE_SELECT 1
63 # define EV_USE_SELECT 0
68 # if HAVE_POLL && HAVE_POLL_H
69 # define EV_USE_POLL 1
71 # define EV_USE_POLL 0
76 # if HAVE_EPOLL_CTL && HAVE_SYS_EPOLL_H
77 # define EV_USE_EPOLL 1
79 # define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
83 # ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
84 # if HAVE_KQUEUE && HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H && HAVE_SYS_QUEUE_H
85 # define EV_USE_KQUEUE 1
87 # define EV_USE_KQUEUE 0
92 # if HAVE_PORT_H && HAVE_PORT_CREATE
93 # define EV_USE_PORT 1
95 # define EV_USE_PORT 0
99 # ifndef EV_USE_INOTIFY
100 # if HAVE_INOTIFY_INIT && HAVE_SYS_INOTIFY_H
101 # define EV_USE_INOTIFY 1
103 # define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
118 #include <sys/types.h>
130 # include <sys/time.h>
131 # include <sys/wait.h>
134 # define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
135 # include <windows.h>
136 # ifndef EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
137 # define EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET 1
143 #ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
144 # define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
147 #ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
148 # define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
151 #ifndef EV_USE_SELECT
152 # define EV_USE_SELECT 1
157 # define EV_USE_POLL 0
159 # define EV_USE_POLL 1
164 # define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
167 #ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
168 # define EV_USE_KQUEUE 0
172 # define EV_USE_PORT 0
175 #ifndef EV_USE_INOTIFY
176 # define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
179 #ifndef EV_PID_HASHSIZE
181 # define EV_PID_HASHSIZE 1
183 # define EV_PID_HASHSIZE 16
187 #ifndef EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE
189 # define EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE 1
191 # define EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE 16
197 #ifndef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
198 # undef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
199 # define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
202 #ifndef CLOCK_REALTIME
203 # undef EV_USE_REALTIME
204 # define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
207 #if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
208 # include <winsock.h>
212 # define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
216 # include <sys/inotify.h>
222 * This is used to avoid floating point rounding problems.
223 * It is added to ev_rt_now when scheduling periodics
224 * to ensure progress, time-wise, even when rounding
225 * errors are against us.
226 * This value is good at least till the year 4000.
227 * Better solutions welcome.
229 #define TIME_EPSILON 0.0001220703125 /* 1/8192 */
231 #define MIN_TIMEJUMP 1. /* minimum timejump that gets detected (if monotonic clock available) */
232 #define MAX_BLOCKTIME 59.743 /* never wait longer than this time (to detect time jumps) */
233 /*#define CLEANUP_INTERVAL (MAX_BLOCKTIME * 5.) /* how often to try to free memory and re-check fds, TODO */
236 # define expect(expr,value) __builtin_expect ((expr),(value))
237 # define noinline __attribute__ ((noinline))
239 # define expect(expr,value) (expr)
241 # if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901L
246 #define expect_false(expr) expect ((expr) != 0, 0)
247 #define expect_true(expr) expect ((expr) != 0, 1)
248 #define inline_size static inline
251 # define inline_speed static noinline
253 # define inline_speed static inline
256 #define NUMPRI (EV_MAXPRI - EV_MINPRI + 1)
257 #define ABSPRI(w) (((W)w)->priority - EV_MINPRI)
259 #define EMPTY /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
260 #define EMPTY2(a,b) /* used to suppress some warnings */
262 typedef ev_watcher *W;
263 typedef ev_watcher_list *WL;
264 typedef ev_watcher_time *WT;
266 static int have_monotonic; /* did clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) work? */
269 # include "ev_win32.c"
272 /*****************************************************************************/
274 static void (*syserr_cb)(const char *msg);
277 ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg))
283 syserr (const char *msg)
286 msg = "(libev) system error";
297 static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, long size);
300 ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))
306 ev_realloc (void *ptr, long size)
308 ptr = alloc ? alloc (ptr, size) : realloc (ptr, size);
312 fprintf (stderr, "libev: cannot allocate %ld bytes, aborting.", size);
319 #define ev_malloc(size) ev_realloc (0, (size))
320 #define ev_free(ptr) ev_realloc ((ptr), 0)
322 /*****************************************************************************/
327 unsigned char events;
329 #if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
352 #define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now)
353 #define VAR(name,decl) decl;
359 static struct ev_loop default_loop_struct;
360 struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop_ptr;
365 #define VAR(name,decl) static decl;
369 static int ev_default_loop_ptr;
373 /*****************************************************************************/
380 clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
381 return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
384 gettimeofday (&tv, 0);
385 return tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
389 ev_tstamp inline_size
393 if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
396 clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
397 return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
413 array_nextsize (int elem, int cur, int cnt)
421 /* if size > 4096, round to 4096 - 4 * longs to accomodate malloc overhead */
422 if (elem * ncur > 4096)
425 ncur = (ncur + elem + 4095 + sizeof (void *) * 4) & ~4095;
426 ncur = ncur - sizeof (void *) * 4;
433 static noinline void *
434 array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
436 *cur = array_nextsize (elem, *cur, cnt);
437 return ev_realloc (base, elem * *cur);
440 #define array_needsize(type,base,cur,cnt,init) \
441 if (expect_false ((cnt) > (cur))) \
444 (base) = (type *)array_realloc \
445 (sizeof (type), (base), &(cur), (cnt)); \
446 init ((base) + (ocur_), (cur) - ocur_); \
450 #define array_slim(type,stem) \
451 if (stem ## max < array_roundsize (stem ## cnt >> 2)) \
453 stem ## max = array_roundsize (stem ## cnt >> 1); \
454 base = (type *)ev_realloc (base, sizeof (type) * (stem ## max));\
455 fprintf (stderr, "slimmed down " # stem " to %d\n", stem ## max);/*D*/\
459 #define array_free(stem, idx) \
460 ev_free (stem ## s idx); stem ## cnt idx = stem ## max idx = 0;
462 /*****************************************************************************/
465 ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents)
468 int pri = ABSPRI (w_);
470 if (expect_false (w_->pending))
471 pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].events |= revents;
474 w_->pending = ++pendingcnt [pri];
475 array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [pri], pendingmax [pri], w_->pending, EMPTY2);
476 pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].w = w_;
477 pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].events = revents;
482 queue_events (EV_P_ W *events, int eventcnt, int type)
486 for (i = 0; i < eventcnt; ++i)
487 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ events [i], type);
490 /*****************************************************************************/
493 anfds_init (ANFD *base, int count)
498 base->events = EV_NONE;
506 fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
508 ANFD *anfd = anfds + fd;
511 for (w = (ev_io *)anfd->head; w; w = (ev_io *)((WL)w)->next)
513 int ev = w->events & revents;
516 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, ev);
521 ev_feed_fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
523 if (fd >= 0 && fd < anfdmax)
524 fd_event (EV_A_ fd, revents);
532 for (i = 0; i < fdchangecnt; ++i)
534 int fd = fdchanges [i];
535 ANFD *anfd = anfds + fd;
538 unsigned char events = 0;
540 for (w = (ev_io *)anfd->head; w; w = (ev_io *)((WL)w)->next)
541 events |= (unsigned char)w->events;
543 #if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
547 anfd->handle = _get_osfhandle (fd);
548 assert (("libev only supports socket fds in this configuration", ioctlsocket (anfd->handle, FIONREAD, &argp) == 0));
553 unsigned char o_events = anfd->events;
554 unsigned char o_reify = anfd->reify;
557 anfd->events = events;
559 if (o_events != events || o_reify & EV_IOFDSET)
560 backend_modify (EV_A_ fd, o_events, events);
568 fd_change (EV_P_ int fd, int flags)
570 unsigned char reify = anfds [fd].reify;
571 anfds [fd].reify |= flags;
573 if (expect_true (!reify))
576 array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, EMPTY2);
577 fdchanges [fdchangecnt - 1] = fd;
582 fd_kill (EV_P_ int fd)
586 while ((w = (ev_io *)anfds [fd].head))
588 ev_io_stop (EV_A_ w);
589 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE);
597 return _get_osfhandle (fd) != -1;
599 return fcntl (fd, F_GETFD) != -1;
603 /* called on EBADF to verify fds */
609 for (fd = 0; fd < anfdmax; ++fd)
610 if (anfds [fd].events)
611 if (!fd_valid (fd) == -1 && errno == EBADF)
615 /* called on ENOMEM in select/poll to kill some fds and retry */
621 for (fd = anfdmax; fd--; )
622 if (anfds [fd].events)
629 /* usually called after fork if backend needs to re-arm all fds from scratch */
635 for (fd = 0; fd < anfdmax; ++fd)
636 if (anfds [fd].events)
638 anfds [fd].events = 0;
639 fd_change (EV_A_ fd, EV_IOFDSET | 1);
643 /*****************************************************************************/
646 upheap (WT *heap, int k)
652 int p = (k - 1) >> 1;
654 if (heap [p]->at <= w->at)
658 ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
663 ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
667 downheap (WT *heap, int N, int k)
673 int c = (k << 1) + 1;
678 c += c + 1 < N && heap [c]->at > heap [c + 1]->at
681 if (w->at <= heap [c]->at)
685 ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
691 ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
695 adjustheap (WT *heap, int N, int k)
698 downheap (heap, N, k);
701 /*****************************************************************************/
706 sig_atomic_t volatile gotsig;
709 static ANSIG *signals;
710 static int signalmax;
712 static int sigpipe [2];
713 static sig_atomic_t volatile gotsig;
717 signals_init (ANSIG *base, int count)
729 sighandler (int signum)
732 signal (signum, sighandler);
735 signals [signum - 1].gotsig = 1;
739 int old_errno = errno;
741 write (sigpipe [1], &signum, 1);
747 ev_feed_signal_event (EV_P_ int signum)
752 assert (("feeding signal events is only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
757 if (signum < 0 || signum >= signalmax)
760 signals [signum].gotsig = 0;
762 for (w = signals [signum].head; w; w = w->next)
763 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_SIGNAL);
767 sigcb (EV_P_ ev_io *iow, int revents)
771 read (sigpipe [0], &revents, 1);
774 for (signum = signalmax; signum--; )
775 if (signals [signum].gotsig)
776 ev_feed_signal_event (EV_A_ signum + 1);
784 ioctlsocket (_get_osfhandle (fd), FIONBIO, &arg);
786 fcntl (fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
787 fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
794 fd_intern (sigpipe [0]);
795 fd_intern (sigpipe [1]);
797 ev_io_set (&sigev, sigpipe [0], EV_READ);
798 ev_io_start (EV_A_ &sigev);
799 ev_unref (EV_A); /* child watcher should not keep loop alive */
802 /*****************************************************************************/
804 static WL childs [EV_PID_HASHSIZE];
808 static ev_signal childev;
811 child_reap (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int chain, int pid, int status)
815 for (w = (ev_child *)childs [chain & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)]; w; w = (ev_child *)((WL)w)->next)
816 if (w->pid == pid || !w->pid)
818 ev_set_priority (w, ev_priority (sw)); /* need to do it *now* */
821 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_CHILD);
826 # define WCONTINUED 0
830 childcb (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int revents)
834 /* some systems define WCONTINUED but then fail to support it (linux 2.4) */
835 if (0 >= (pid = waitpid (-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED)))
838 || 0 >= (pid = waitpid (-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED)))
841 /* make sure we are called again until all childs have been reaped */
842 /* we need to do it this way so that the callback gets called before we continue */
843 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)sw, EV_SIGNAL);
845 child_reap (EV_A_ sw, pid, pid, status);
846 if (EV_PID_HASHSIZE > 1)
847 child_reap (EV_A_ sw, 0, pid, status); /* this might trigger a watcher twice, but feed_event catches that */
852 /*****************************************************************************/
855 # include "ev_port.c"
858 # include "ev_kqueue.c"
861 # include "ev_epoll.c"
864 # include "ev_poll.c"
867 # include "ev_select.c"
871 ev_version_major (void)
873 return EV_VERSION_MAJOR;
877 ev_version_minor (void)
879 return EV_VERSION_MINOR;
882 /* return true if we are running with elevated privileges and should ignore env variables */
889 return getuid () != geteuid ()
890 || getgid () != getegid ();
895 ev_supported_backends (void)
897 unsigned int flags = 0;
899 if (EV_USE_PORT ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
900 if (EV_USE_KQUEUE) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
901 if (EV_USE_EPOLL ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
902 if (EV_USE_POLL ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
903 if (EV_USE_SELECT) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
909 ev_recommended_backends (void)
911 unsigned int flags = ev_supported_backends ();
914 /* kqueue is borked on everything but netbsd apparently */
915 /* it usually doesn't work correctly on anything but sockets and pipes */
916 flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
919 // flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE; for documentation
920 flags &= ~EVBACKEND_POLL;
927 ev_embeddable_backends (void)
929 return EVBACKEND_EPOLL
947 loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags)
954 if (!clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
959 ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
960 mn_now = get_clock ();
962 rtmn_diff = ev_rt_now - mn_now;
964 /* pid check not overridable via env */
966 if (flags & EVFLAG_FORKCHECK)
970 if (!(flags & EVFLAG_NOENV)
972 && getenv ("LIBEV_FLAGS"))
973 flags = atoi (getenv ("LIBEV_FLAGS"));
975 if (!(flags & 0x0000ffffUL))
976 flags |= ev_recommended_backends ();
985 if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT )) backend = port_init (EV_A_ flags);
988 if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) backend = kqueue_init (EV_A_ flags);
991 if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL )) backend = epoll_init (EV_A_ flags);
994 if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL )) backend = poll_init (EV_A_ flags);
997 if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT)) backend = select_init (EV_A_ flags);
1000 ev_init (&sigev, sigcb);
1001 ev_set_priority (&sigev, EV_MAXPRI);
1005 static void noinline
1015 if (backend_fd >= 0)
1019 if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT ) port_destroy (EV_A);
1022 if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_destroy (EV_A);
1025 if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_destroy (EV_A);
1028 if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL ) poll_destroy (EV_A);
1031 if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT) select_destroy (EV_A);
1034 for (i = NUMPRI; i--; )
1036 array_free (pending, [i]);
1038 array_free (idle, [i]);
1042 /* have to use the microsoft-never-gets-it-right macro */
1043 array_free (fdchange, EMPTY);
1044 array_free (timer, EMPTY);
1045 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1046 array_free (periodic, EMPTY);
1048 array_free (prepare, EMPTY);
1049 array_free (check, EMPTY);
1054 void inline_size infy_fork (EV_P);
1060 if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT ) port_fork (EV_A);
1063 if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_fork (EV_A);
1066 if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_fork (EV_A);
1072 if (ev_is_active (&sigev))
1077 ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &sigev);
1078 close (sigpipe [0]);
1079 close (sigpipe [1]);
1081 while (pipe (sigpipe))
1082 syserr ("(libev) error creating pipe");
1092 ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)
1094 struct ev_loop *loop = (struct ev_loop *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_loop));
1096 memset (loop, 0, sizeof (struct ev_loop));
1098 loop_init (EV_A_ flags);
1100 if (ev_backend (EV_A))
1107 ev_loop_destroy (EV_P)
1109 loop_destroy (EV_A);
1123 ev_default_loop_init (unsigned int flags)
1126 ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags)
1129 if (sigpipe [0] == sigpipe [1])
1133 if (!ev_default_loop_ptr)
1136 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr = &default_loop_struct;
1138 ev_default_loop_ptr = 1;
1141 loop_init (EV_A_ flags);
1143 if (ev_backend (EV_A))
1148 ev_signal_init (&childev, childcb, SIGCHLD);
1149 ev_set_priority (&childev, EV_MAXPRI);
1150 ev_signal_start (EV_A_ &childev);
1151 ev_unref (EV_A); /* child watcher should not keep loop alive */
1155 ev_default_loop_ptr = 0;
1158 return ev_default_loop_ptr;
1162 ev_default_destroy (void)
1165 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr;
1169 ev_ref (EV_A); /* child watcher */
1170 ev_signal_stop (EV_A_ &childev);
1173 ev_ref (EV_A); /* signal watcher */
1174 ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &sigev);
1176 close (sigpipe [0]); sigpipe [0] = 0;
1177 close (sigpipe [1]); sigpipe [1] = 0;
1179 loop_destroy (EV_A);
1183 ev_default_fork (void)
1186 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr;
1193 /*****************************************************************************/
1196 ev_invoke (EV_P_ void *w, int revents)
1198 EV_CB_INVOKE ((W)w, revents);
1206 for (pri = NUMPRI; pri--; )
1207 while (pendingcnt [pri])
1209 ANPENDING *p = pendings [pri] + --pendingcnt [pri];
1211 if (expect_true (p->w))
1213 /*assert (("non-pending watcher on pending list", p->w->pending));*/
1216 EV_CB_INVOKE (p->w, p->events);
1224 while (timercnt && ((WT)timers [0])->at <= mn_now)
1226 ev_timer *w = (ev_timer *)timers [0];
1228 /*assert (("inactive timer on timer heap detected", ev_is_active (w)));*/
1230 /* first reschedule or stop timer */
1233 assert (("negative ev_timer repeat value found while processing timers", w->repeat > 0.));
1235 ((WT)w)->at += w->repeat;
1236 if (((WT)w)->at < mn_now)
1237 ((WT)w)->at = mn_now;
1239 downheap (timers, timercnt, 0);
1242 ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ w); /* nonrepeating: stop timer */
1244 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_TIMEOUT);
1248 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1250 periodics_reify (EV_P)
1252 while (periodiccnt && ((WT)periodics [0])->at <= ev_rt_now)
1254 ev_periodic *w = (ev_periodic *)periodics [0];
1256 /*assert (("inactive timer on periodic heap detected", ev_is_active (w)));*/
1258 /* first reschedule or stop timer */
1259 if (w->reschedule_cb)
1261 ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now + TIME_EPSILON);
1262 assert (("ev_periodic reschedule callback returned time in the past", ((WT)w)->at > ev_rt_now));
1263 downheap (periodics, periodiccnt, 0);
1265 else if (w->interval)
1267 ((WT)w)->at = w->offset + ceil ((ev_rt_now - w->offset) / w->interval) * w->interval;
1268 if (((WT)w)->at - ev_rt_now <= TIME_EPSILON) ((WT)w)->at += w->interval;
1269 assert (("ev_periodic timeout in the past detected while processing timers, negative interval?", ((WT)w)->at > ev_rt_now));
1270 downheap (periodics, periodiccnt, 0);
1273 ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w); /* nonrepeating: stop timer */
1275 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_PERIODIC);
1279 static void noinline
1280 periodics_reschedule (EV_P)
1284 /* adjust periodics after time jump */
1285 for (i = 0; i < periodiccnt; ++i)
1287 ev_periodic *w = (ev_periodic *)periodics [i];
1289 if (w->reschedule_cb)
1290 ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now);
1291 else if (w->interval)
1292 ((WT)w)->at = w->offset + ceil ((ev_rt_now - w->offset) / w->interval) * w->interval;
1295 /* now rebuild the heap */
1296 for (i = periodiccnt >> 1; i--; )
1297 downheap (periodics, periodiccnt, i);
1305 if (expect_false (idleall))
1309 for (pri = NUMPRI; pri--; )
1311 if (pendingcnt [pri])
1316 queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)idles [pri], idlecnt [pri], EV_IDLE);
1325 time_update (EV_P_ ev_tstamp max_block)
1329 #if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
1330 if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
1332 ev_tstamp odiff = rtmn_diff;
1334 mn_now = get_clock ();
1336 /* only fetch the realtime clock every 0.5*MIN_TIMEJUMP seconds */
1337 /* interpolate in the meantime */
1338 if (expect_true (mn_now - now_floor < MIN_TIMEJUMP * .5))
1340 ev_rt_now = rtmn_diff + mn_now;
1345 ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
1347 /* loop a few times, before making important decisions.
1348 * on the choice of "4": one iteration isn't enough,
1349 * in case we get preempted during the calls to
1350 * ev_time and get_clock. a second call is almost guaranteed
1351 * to succeed in that case, though. and looping a few more times
1352 * doesn't hurt either as we only do this on time-jumps or
1353 * in the unlikely event of having been preempted here.
1357 rtmn_diff = ev_rt_now - mn_now;
1359 if (fabs (odiff - rtmn_diff) < MIN_TIMEJUMP)
1360 return; /* all is well */
1362 ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
1363 mn_now = get_clock ();
1367 # if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1368 periodics_reschedule (EV_A);
1370 /* no timer adjustment, as the monotonic clock doesn't jump */
1371 /* timers_reschedule (EV_A_ rtmn_diff - odiff) */
1376 ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
1378 if (expect_false (mn_now > ev_rt_now || ev_rt_now > mn_now + max_block + MIN_TIMEJUMP))
1380 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1381 periodics_reschedule (EV_A);
1383 /* adjust timers. this is easy, as the offset is the same for all of them */
1384 for (i = 0; i < timercnt; ++i)
1385 ((WT)timers [i])->at += ev_rt_now - mn_now;
1404 static int loop_done;
1407 ev_loop (EV_P_ int flags)
1409 loop_done = flags & (EVLOOP_ONESHOT | EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)
1413 call_pending (EV_A); /* in case we recurse, ensure ordering stays nice and clean */
1418 if (expect_false (curpid)) /* penalise the forking check even more */
1419 if (expect_false (getpid () != curpid))
1427 /* we might have forked, so queue fork handlers */
1428 if (expect_false (postfork))
1431 queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)forks, forkcnt, EV_FORK);
1432 call_pending (EV_A);
1436 /* queue prepare watchers (and execute them) */
1437 if (expect_false (preparecnt))
1439 queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)prepares, preparecnt, EV_PREPARE);
1440 call_pending (EV_A);
1443 if (expect_false (!activecnt))
1446 /* we might have forked, so reify kernel state if necessary */
1447 if (expect_false (postfork))
1450 /* update fd-related kernel structures */
1453 /* calculate blocking time */
1457 if (expect_false (flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK || idleall || !activecnt))
1458 block = 0.; /* do not block at all */
1461 /* update time to cancel out callback processing overhead */
1462 time_update (EV_A_ 1e100);
1464 block = MAX_BLOCKTIME;
1468 ev_tstamp to = ((WT)timers [0])->at - mn_now + backend_fudge;
1469 if (block > to) block = to;
1472 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1475 ev_tstamp to = ((WT)periodics [0])->at - ev_rt_now + backend_fudge;
1476 if (block > to) block = to;
1480 if (expect_false (block < 0.)) block = 0.;
1484 backend_poll (EV_A_ block);
1486 /* update ev_rt_now, do magic */
1487 time_update (EV_A_ block);
1490 /* queue pending timers and reschedule them */
1491 timers_reify (EV_A); /* relative timers called last */
1492 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1493 periodics_reify (EV_A); /* absolute timers called first */
1497 /* queue idle watchers unless other events are pending */
1501 /* queue check watchers, to be executed first */
1502 if (expect_false (checkcnt))
1503 queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)checks, checkcnt, EV_CHECK);
1505 call_pending (EV_A);
1508 while (expect_true (activecnt && !loop_done));
1510 if (loop_done == EVUNLOOP_ONE)
1511 loop_done = EVUNLOOP_CANCEL;
1515 ev_unloop (EV_P_ int how)
1520 /*****************************************************************************/
1523 wlist_add (WL *head, WL elem)
1530 wlist_del (WL *head, WL elem)
1540 head = &(*head)->next;
1545 clear_pending (EV_P_ W w)
1549 pendings [ABSPRI (w)][w->pending - 1].w = 0;
1555 ev_clear_pending (EV_P_ void *w)
1558 int pending = w_->pending;
1560 if (expect_true (pending))
1562 ANPENDING *p = pendings [ABSPRI (w_)] + pending - 1;
1572 pri_adjust (EV_P_ W w)
1574 int pri = w->priority;
1575 pri = pri < EV_MINPRI ? EV_MINPRI : pri;
1576 pri = pri > EV_MAXPRI ? EV_MAXPRI : pri;
1581 ev_start (EV_P_ W w, int active)
1583 pri_adjust (EV_A_ w);
1595 /*****************************************************************************/
1598 ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w)
1602 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
1605 assert (("ev_io_start called with negative fd", fd >= 0));
1607 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
1608 array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, anfds_init);
1609 wlist_add (&anfds[fd].head, (WL)w);
1611 fd_change (EV_A_ fd, w->events & EV_IOFDSET | 1);
1612 w->events &= ~EV_IOFDSET;
1616 ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w)
1618 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
1619 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
1622 assert (("ev_io_start called with illegal fd (must stay constant after start!)", w->fd >= 0 && w->fd < anfdmax));
1624 wlist_del (&anfds[w->fd].head, (WL)w);
1625 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
1627 fd_change (EV_A_ w->fd, 1);
1631 ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
1633 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
1636 ((WT)w)->at += mn_now;
1638 assert (("ev_timer_start called with negative timer repeat value", w->repeat >= 0.));
1640 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++timercnt);
1641 array_needsize (WT, timers, timermax, timercnt, EMPTY2);
1642 timers [timercnt - 1] = (WT)w;
1643 upheap (timers, timercnt - 1);
1645 /*assert (("internal timer heap corruption", timers [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));*/
1649 ev_timer_stop (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
1651 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
1652 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
1655 assert (("internal timer heap corruption", timers [((W)w)->active - 1] == (WT)w));
1658 int active = ((W)w)->active;
1660 if (expect_true (--active < --timercnt))
1662 timers [active] = timers [timercnt];
1663 adjustheap (timers, timercnt, active);
1667 ((WT)w)->at -= mn_now;
1669 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
1673 ev_timer_again (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
1675 if (ev_is_active (w))
1679 ((WT)w)->at = mn_now + w->repeat;
1680 adjustheap (timers, timercnt, ((W)w)->active - 1);
1683 ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ w);
1688 ev_timer_start (EV_A_ w);
1692 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
1694 ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
1696 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
1699 if (w->reschedule_cb)
1700 ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now);
1701 else if (w->interval)
1703 assert (("ev_periodic_start called with negative interval value", w->interval >= 0.));
1704 /* this formula differs from the one in periodic_reify because we do not always round up */
1705 ((WT)w)->at = w->offset + ceil ((ev_rt_now - w->offset) / w->interval) * w->interval;
1708 ((WT)w)->at = w->offset;
1710 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++periodiccnt);
1711 array_needsize (WT, periodics, periodicmax, periodiccnt, EMPTY2);
1712 periodics [periodiccnt - 1] = (WT)w;
1713 upheap (periodics, periodiccnt - 1);
1715 /*assert (("internal periodic heap corruption", periodics [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));*/
1719 ev_periodic_stop (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
1721 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
1722 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
1725 assert (("internal periodic heap corruption", periodics [((W)w)->active - 1] == (WT)w));
1728 int active = ((W)w)->active;
1730 if (expect_true (--active < --periodiccnt))
1732 periodics [active] = periodics [periodiccnt];
1733 adjustheap (periodics, periodiccnt, active);
1737 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
1741 ev_periodic_again (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
1743 /* TODO: use adjustheap and recalculation */
1744 ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w);
1745 ev_periodic_start (EV_A_ w);
1750 # define SA_RESTART 0
1754 ev_signal_start (EV_P_ ev_signal *w)
1757 assert (("signal watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
1759 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
1762 assert (("ev_signal_start called with illegal signal number", w->signum > 0));
1766 sigset_t full, prev;
1768 sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &full, &prev);
1771 array_needsize (ANSIG, signals, signalmax, w->signum, signals_init);
1774 sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &prev, 0);
1778 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
1779 wlist_add (&signals [w->signum - 1].head, (WL)w);
1784 signal (w->signum, sighandler);
1786 struct sigaction sa;
1787 sa.sa_handler = sighandler;
1788 sigfillset (&sa.sa_mask);
1789 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; /* if restarting works we save one iteration */
1790 sigaction (w->signum, &sa, 0);
1796 ev_signal_stop (EV_P_ ev_signal *w)
1798 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
1799 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
1802 wlist_del (&signals [w->signum - 1].head, (WL)w);
1803 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
1805 if (!signals [w->signum - 1].head)
1806 signal (w->signum, SIG_DFL);
1810 ev_child_start (EV_P_ ev_child *w)
1813 assert (("child watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
1815 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
1818 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
1819 wlist_add (&childs [w->pid & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)], (WL)w);
1823 ev_child_stop (EV_P_ ev_child *w)
1825 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
1826 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
1829 wlist_del (&childs [w->pid & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)], (WL)w);
1830 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
1837 # define lstat(a,b) _stati64 (a,b)
1840 #define DEF_STAT_INTERVAL 5.0074891
1841 #define MIN_STAT_INTERVAL 0.1074891
1843 static void noinline stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents);
1846 # define EV_INOTIFY_BUFSIZE 8192
1848 static void noinline
1849 infy_add (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
1851 w->wd = inotify_add_watch (fs_fd, w->path, IN_ATTRIB | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF | IN_MODIFY | IN_DONT_FOLLOW | IN_MASK_ADD);
1855 ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer); /* this is not race-free, so we still need to recheck periodically */
1857 /* monitor some parent directory for speedup hints */
1858 if ((errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES) && strlen (w->path) < 4096)
1861 strcpy (path, w->path);
1865 int mask = IN_MASK_ADD | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF
1866 | (errno == EACCES ? IN_ATTRIB : IN_CREATE | IN_MOVED_TO);
1868 char *pend = strrchr (path, '/');
1871 break; /* whoops, no '/', complain to your admin */
1874 w->wd = inotify_add_watch (fs_fd, path, mask);
1876 while (w->wd < 0 && (errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES));
1880 ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &w->timer); /* we can watch this in a race-free way */
1883 wlist_add (&fs_hash [w->wd & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1)].head, (WL)w);
1886 static void noinline
1887 infy_del (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
1896 slot = wd & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1);
1897 wlist_del (&fs_hash [slot].head, (WL)w);
1899 /* remove this watcher, if others are watching it, they will rearm */
1900 inotify_rm_watch (fs_fd, wd);
1903 static void noinline
1904 infy_wd (EV_P_ int slot, int wd, struct inotify_event *ev)
1907 /* overflow, need to check for all hahs slots */
1908 for (slot = 0; slot < EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE; ++slot)
1909 infy_wd (EV_A_ slot, wd, ev);
1914 for (w_ = fs_hash [slot & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1)].head; w_; )
1916 ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)w_;
1917 w_ = w_->next; /* lets us remove this watcher and all before it */
1919 if (w->wd == wd || wd == -1)
1921 if (ev->mask & (IN_IGNORED | IN_UNMOUNT | IN_DELETE_SELF))
1924 infy_add (EV_A_ w); /* re-add, no matter what */
1927 stat_timer_cb (EV_A_ &w->timer, 0);
1934 infy_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents)
1936 char buf [EV_INOTIFY_BUFSIZE];
1937 struct inotify_event *ev = (struct inotify_event *)buf;
1939 int len = read (fs_fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
1941 for (ofs = 0; ofs < len; ofs += sizeof (struct inotify_event) + ev->len)
1942 infy_wd (EV_A_ ev->wd, ev->wd, ev);
1951 fs_fd = inotify_init ();
1955 ev_io_init (&fs_w, infy_cb, fs_fd, EV_READ);
1956 ev_set_priority (&fs_w, EV_MAXPRI);
1957 ev_io_start (EV_A_ &fs_w);
1970 fs_fd = inotify_init ();
1972 for (slot = 0; slot < EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE; ++slot)
1974 WL w_ = fs_hash [slot].head;
1975 fs_hash [slot].head = 0;
1979 ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)w_;
1980 w_ = w_->next; /* lets us add this watcher */
1985 infy_add (EV_A_ w); /* re-add, no matter what */
1987 ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer);
1996 ev_stat_stat (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
1998 if (lstat (w->path, &w->attr) < 0)
1999 w->attr.st_nlink = 0;
2000 else if (!w->attr.st_nlink)
2001 w->attr.st_nlink = 1;
2004 static void noinline
2005 stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents)
2007 ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)(((char *)w_) - offsetof (ev_stat, timer));
2009 /* we copy this here each the time so that */
2010 /* prev has the old value when the callback gets invoked */
2012 ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w);
2014 /* memcmp doesn't work on netbsd, they.... do stuff to their struct stat */
2016 w->prev.st_dev != w->attr.st_dev
2017 || w->prev.st_ino != w->attr.st_ino
2018 || w->prev.st_mode != w->attr.st_mode
2019 || w->prev.st_nlink != w->attr.st_nlink
2020 || w->prev.st_uid != w->attr.st_uid
2021 || w->prev.st_gid != w->attr.st_gid
2022 || w->prev.st_rdev != w->attr.st_rdev
2023 || w->prev.st_size != w->attr.st_size
2024 || w->prev.st_atime != w->attr.st_atime
2025 || w->prev.st_mtime != w->attr.st_mtime
2026 || w->prev.st_ctime != w->attr.st_ctime
2031 ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w); /* avoid race... */
2034 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ w, EV_STAT);
2039 ev_stat_start (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
2041 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
2044 /* since we use memcmp, we need to clear any padding data etc. */
2045 memset (&w->prev, 0, sizeof (ev_statdata));
2046 memset (&w->attr, 0, sizeof (ev_statdata));
2048 ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w);
2050 if (w->interval < MIN_STAT_INTERVAL)
2051 w->interval = w->interval ? MIN_STAT_INTERVAL : DEF_STAT_INTERVAL;
2053 ev_timer_init (&w->timer, stat_timer_cb, w->interval, w->interval);
2054 ev_set_priority (&w->timer, ev_priority (w));
2063 ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer);
2065 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
2069 ev_stat_stop (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
2071 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
2072 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
2078 ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &w->timer);
2080 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
2086 ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w)
2088 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
2091 pri_adjust (EV_A_ (W)w);
2094 int active = ++idlecnt [ABSPRI (w)];
2097 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, active);
2099 array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles [ABSPRI (w)], idlemax [ABSPRI (w)], active, EMPTY2);
2100 idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1] = w;
2105 ev_idle_stop (EV_P_ ev_idle *w)
2107 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
2108 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
2112 int active = ((W)w)->active;
2114 idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1] = idles [ABSPRI (w)][--idlecnt [ABSPRI (w)]];
2115 ((W)idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1])->active = active;
2117 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
2124 ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w)
2126 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
2129 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++preparecnt);
2130 array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, EMPTY2);
2131 prepares [preparecnt - 1] = w;
2135 ev_prepare_stop (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w)
2137 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
2138 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
2142 int active = ((W)w)->active;
2143 prepares [active - 1] = prepares [--preparecnt];
2144 ((W)prepares [active - 1])->active = active;
2147 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
2151 ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w)
2153 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
2156 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++checkcnt);
2157 array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, EMPTY2);
2158 checks [checkcnt - 1] = w;
2162 ev_check_stop (EV_P_ ev_check *w)
2164 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
2165 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
2169 int active = ((W)w)->active;
2170 checks [active - 1] = checks [--checkcnt];
2171 ((W)checks [active - 1])->active = active;
2174 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
2179 ev_embed_sweep (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
2181 ev_loop (w->loop, EVLOOP_NONBLOCK);
2185 embed_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *io, int revents)
2187 ev_embed *w = (ev_embed *)(((char *)io) - offsetof (ev_embed, io));
2190 ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_EMBED);
2192 ev_embed_sweep (loop, w);
2196 ev_embed_start (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
2198 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
2202 struct ev_loop *loop = w->loop;
2203 assert (("loop to be embedded is not embeddable", backend & ev_embeddable_backends ()));
2204 ev_io_init (&w->io, embed_cb, backend_fd, EV_READ);
2207 ev_set_priority (&w->io, ev_priority (w));
2208 ev_io_start (EV_A_ &w->io);
2210 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
2214 ev_embed_stop (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
2216 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
2217 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
2220 ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &w->io);
2222 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
2228 ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w)
2230 if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
2233 ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++forkcnt);
2234 array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, EMPTY2);
2235 forks [forkcnt - 1] = w;
2239 ev_fork_stop (EV_P_ ev_fork *w)
2241 clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
2242 if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
2246 int active = ((W)w)->active;
2247 forks [active - 1] = forks [--forkcnt];
2248 ((W)forks [active - 1])->active = active;
2251 ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
2255 /*****************************************************************************/
2261 void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg);
2266 once_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_once *once, int revents)
2268 void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg) = once->cb;
2269 void *arg = once->arg;
2271 ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &once->io);
2272 ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &once->to);
2279 once_cb_io (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents)
2281 once_cb (EV_A_ (struct ev_once *)(((char *)w) - offsetof (struct ev_once, io)), revents);
2285 once_cb_to (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)
2287 once_cb (EV_A_ (struct ev_once *)(((char *)w) - offsetof (struct ev_once, to)), revents);
2291 ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg), void *arg)
2293 struct ev_once *once = (struct ev_once *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_once));
2295 if (expect_false (!once))
2297 cb (EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE | EV_TIMEOUT, arg);
2304 ev_init (&once->io, once_cb_io);
2307 ev_io_set (&once->io, fd, events);
2308 ev_io_start (EV_A_ &once->io);
2311 ev_init (&once->to, once_cb_to);
2314 ev_timer_set (&once->to, timeout, 0.);
2315 ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &once->to);