+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0\n*|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n3|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h1:r -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4;
+ h2:r -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2;
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+
+.. fig:: fig:gc-rc-rm-2
+ :padding: 0.5
+
+ Eliminación de la referencia ``r0`` :math:`\to` ``h1`` (parte 2).
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Se decrementa el contador de ``h2`` pero no queda en 0 (permanece en
+ el *live set*).
+
+ .. digraph:: g3_4
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0\n*|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n3|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h2:l -> h4;
+ h2:r -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2;
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ El contador de ``h3`` tampoco queda en 0, sigue en el *live set*.
+
+ .. digraph:: g3_5
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:l -> h4;
+ h2:r -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2;
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+
+
+Luego se cambia una referencia (en vez de eliminarse) realizándose la
+operación ``update(h3.l, h5)``. Para esto primero se incrementa el contador
+de referencias de ``h5`` para evitar confundirlo accidentalmente con
+*basura* si se elimina alguna celda que apuntaba a ésta. Luego se procede
+a decrementar el contador de ``h2`` que queda en 0, transformándose en
+*basura* (ver figura :vref:`fig:gc-rc-up-1`).
+
+.. fig:: fig:gc-rc-up-1
+
+ Cambio en la referencia ``h2.l`` :math:`\to` ``h2`` a ``h2.l``
+ :math:`\to` ``h5`` (parte 1).
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Comienza ``update(h3.l, h5)``, se incrementa el contador de ``h5``.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_1
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l\n*|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4;
+ h2:r -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2;
+ h3:l -> h5 [ style = dotted, color = black ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Luego se procede a visitar las hijas de ``h3``, comenzando por ``h2``.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_2
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l\n*|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4;
+ h2:r -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h3:l -> h5 [ style = dotted, color = black ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Se decrementa el contador de ``h2`` y queda en 0 (pasa a ser
+ *basura*). Se eliminan las referencias a las hijas.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_3
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1; h2;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l\n*|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h2:r -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:l -> h5 [ style = dotted, color = black ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+
+Lo mismo pasa cuando se desciende a ``h4``, pero al descender a ``h5``
+y decrementar el contador, éste sigue siendo mayor que 0 (pues ``h3`` va
+a apuntar a ``h5``) así que permanece en el *live set*. Finalmente se termina
+de actualizar la referencia ``h3.l`` para que apunte a ``h5`` (ver figura
+:vref:`fig:gc-rc-up-2`).
+
+.. fig:: fig:gc-rc-up-2
+
+ Cambio en la referencia ``h2.l`` :math:`\to` ``h2`` a ``h2.l``
+ :math:`\to` ``h5`` (parte 2).
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Se decrementa el contador de ``h4`` quedando en 0, pasa a ser
+ *basura*. Se continúa con ``h5``.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_4
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1; h2; h4;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l\n*|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:r -> h5 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:l -> h5 [ style = dotted, color = black ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Se decrementa el contador de ``h5`` pero sigue siendo mayor que 0.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_5
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1; h2; h4;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l\n*|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:r -> h5 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:l -> h5 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Se termina por actualizar la referencia de ``h3.l`` para que apunte
+ a ``h5``.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_6
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1; h2; h4;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3;
+ h2:l -> h4 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:r -> h5 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:l -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+
+Finalmente se presenta lo que sucede cuando se elimina la última referencia
+a un ciclo (en este caso un ciclo simple de 2 celdas: ``h3`` y ``h6``). Se
+elimina la única referencia externa al ciclo (``r1``), por lo que se visita
+la celda ``h3`` decrementando su contador de referencias, pero éste
+continúa siendo mayor que 0 porque la celda ``h6`` (parte del ciclo) la
+referencia. Por lo tanto el ciclo, y todas las celdas a las que apunta que
+no tienen otras referencias externas y por lo tanto deberían ser *basura*
+también (``h5``), no pueden ser recicladas y su memoria es perdida (ver
+figura :vref:`fig:gc-rc-cycle`).
+
+.. fig:: fig:gc-rc-cycle
+ :padding: 0.5
+
+ Eliminación de la referencia ``r1`` :math:`\to` ``h3`` (pérdida de
+ memoria debido a un ciclo).
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ El ejecutarse ``update(r1, null)`` se visita la celda ``h3``.
+
+ .. digraph:: g4_6
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1\n*",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1; h2; h4;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n2|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3 [ style = bold, color = black ];
+ h2:l -> h4 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:r -> h5 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:l -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+ .. subfig::
+
+ Se decrementa el contador de ``h3`` pero sigue siendo mayor que 0 por
+ el ciclo.
+
+ .. digraph:: g5_2
+
+ margin = 0;
+ ratio = fill;
+ size = "1.9,2.6";
+ edge [ color = gray40 ];
+ node [
+ shape = record,
+ width = 0,
+ height = 0,
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray25,
+ fontcolor = white
+ ];
+
+ subgraph cluster_all {
+
+ root [
+ label = "root\nset|<r0> r0|<r1> r1\n*",
+ style = filled,
+ fillcolor = gray96,
+ fontcolor = black,
+ ];
+
+ subgraph marked {
+ node [ fillcolor = white, fontcolor = black ];
+ h1; h2; h4;
+ };
+
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h1 [ label = "h1\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h2 [ label = "h2\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h3 [ label = "h3\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h4 [ label = "h4\n0|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h5 [ label = "h5\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+ h6 [ label = "h6\n1|<l> l|<r> r" ];
+
+ root:r0 -> h1 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h1:r -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ root:r1 -> h3 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:l -> h4 [ style = invis ];
+ h2:r -> h5 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:l -> h5;
+ h3:l -> h2 [ style = invis ];
+ h3:r -> h6;
+ h6:r -> h3:r;
+
+ }
+
+
+
+
+.. _ref_gc_mark_sweep: