Completo referencias de PPP.

[z.facultad/75.43/tp2.git] / Informe.lyx

diff --git a/Informe.lyx b/Informe.lyx
index 26f9952d4b5178fef954205fba8270a40e48cfe0..cf2e71ef1fdf4b18e9f0f7caf345ac8d45f23ba1 100644 (file)
--- a/Informe.lyx
+++ b/Informe.lyx
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Protocolo PPP
 Introducción
 \layout Standard
 
-El protocolo PPP es muy utilizado para establecer una comunicación entre
+El protocolo PPP[1] es muy utilizado para establecer una comunicación entre
  2 redes (routers), ya sea entre LANs o entre una LAN y WAN u otras redes
  más grandes.
  Incluso es útil para comunicar un sólo host a una red distante (donde no
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Protocolo
 
 \begin_inset Float figure
 wide false
-collapsed true
+collapsed false
 
 \layout Caption
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ collapsed true
 
 \end_inset 
 
-Diagrama de estados de una conexión PPP
+Diagrama de estados de una conexión PPP[2]
 \layout Standard
 
 
@@ -167,15 +167,7 @@ El protocolo NCP es muy espec
  a la asignación de la IP (aunque puede negociar compresión de cabeceras
  también).
  Hay también extensiones, como la extensión para configurar servidores de
- nombre (definido en la RFC 1877 
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset 
-
-PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol Extensions for Name Server Addresses
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset 
-
-).
+ nombre[3].
 \layout Subsection
 
 Configuración de los routes sobre línea dedicada
@@ -185,7 +177,7 @@ Con modems
 \layout Standard
 
 Lo primero que hay que hacer si utilizamos un modem sobre una línea telefónica
- conmutada, es establecer el canal de la capa física.
+ conmutada, es establecer el canal de la capa física[4].
  Esto significa que una de las puntas debe discar el número de la otra y
  establecer el canal utilizando algún programa de comunicación que permita
  salir sin 
@@ -370,7 +362,7 @@ Tablas de ruteo
 
 \begin_inset Float figure
 wide false
-collapsed true
+collapsed false
 
 \layout Caption
 
@@ -9469,7 +9461,7 @@ Tablas de ruteo (simulaci
 
 \begin_inset Float figure
 wide false
-collapsed true
+collapsed false
 
 \layout Caption
 
@@ -14816,8 +14808,6 @@ Caracter
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 Tecnología
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14826,8 +14816,6 @@ Tecnolog
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 MTU
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14836,8 +14824,6 @@ MTU
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 Cabeceras (máx-mín si aplica)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14846,8 +14832,6 @@ Cabeceras (m
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 Máxima cantidad de host
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14858,8 +14842,6 @@ M
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 PPP
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14868,8 +14850,6 @@ PPP
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 negociable
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14878,9 +14858,7 @@ negociable
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-7-10 Libro Tanembaum
+7-10 [5]
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -14888,8 +14866,6 @@ negociable
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 2
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14900,8 +14876,6 @@ negociable
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 X.25
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14910,8 +14884,6 @@ X.25
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 128
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14920,8 +14892,6 @@ X.25
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 3
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14939,8 +14909,6 @@ X.25
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14949,8 +14917,6 @@ IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 1492
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14959,8 +14925,6 @@ IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 26
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14969,8 +14933,6 @@ IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 100
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14981,8 +14943,6 @@ IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 Ethernet (Fast y Giga inclusive)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -14991,8 +14951,6 @@ Ethernet (Fast y Giga inclusive)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 1500
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15001,9 +14959,7 @@ Ethernet (Fast y Giga inclusive)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-26 Libro T
+26 [6]
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15011,9 +14967,8 @@ Ethernet (Fast y Giga inclusive)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-100 (por segmento de 100 metros)
+100 (p/seg.
+ de 100 metros)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
@@ -15023,8 +14978,6 @@ Ethernet (Fast y Giga inclusive)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 FDDI
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15033,8 +14986,6 @@ FDDI
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 4352
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15043,9 +14994,7 @@ FDDI
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-18-48 http://www.protocols.com/pbook/lan.htm 
+18-48 [7] 
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15053,9 +15002,6 @@ FDDI
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-Infinitas?
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
@@ -15065,8 +15011,6 @@ Infinitas?
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 Token Ring (16MB)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15075,8 +15019,6 @@ Token Ring (16MB)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 17914
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15085,9 +15027,7 @@ Token Ring (16MB)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-21-51 http://www.protocols.com/pbook/lan.htm
+21-51 [8]
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15095,9 +15035,6 @@ Token Ring (16MB)
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-infinitas?
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
@@ -15107,8 +15044,6 @@ infinitas?
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 802.11g
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15117,8 +15052,6 @@ infinitas?
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 2312
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15127,9 +15060,7 @@ infinitas?
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-34 Libro T
+34 [9]
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15146,8 +15077,6 @@ infinitas?
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 Bluetooth
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15156,8 +15085,6 @@ Bluetooth
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 343
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15166,9 +15093,7 @@ Bluetooth
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-126 (bits) Libro T
+126 (bits) [10]
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15185,8 +15110,6 @@ Bluetooth
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 802.16
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15195,8 +15118,6 @@ Bluetooth
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
 1996
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
@@ -15205,9 +15126,7 @@ Bluetooth
 
 \layout Standard
 
-
-\size scriptsize 
-52 (bits) Libro T
+52 (bits) [11]
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15229,6 +15148,21 @@ Suponemos que el MTU de los PPP negociados es el m
  las redes adyacentes a cada router participante del enlace PPP.
 \layout Subsection
 
+Paquetes de red
+\layout Standard
+
+No se realizó este punto, según lo indicado en la práctica.
+\layout Subsection
+
+Cálculo de eficiencia
+\layout Standard
+
+No se realizó este punto, según lo indicado en la práctica.
+\layout Subsection
+
+Cálculo de fragmentación por distintos caminos
+\layout Subsubsection
+
 HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
@@ -15237,10 +15171,10 @@ Calculamos la fragmentaci
 request
 \emph default 
  HTTP del host al servidor web como su respuesta de 100KiB.
-\layout Subsubsection
+\layout Paragraph
 
 Token Ring del webserver (alf) - Ethernet (seinfeld)
-\layout Paragraph
+\layout Subparagraph
 
 Request HTTP
 \layout Standard
@@ -15270,230 +15204,274 @@ Luego el router H118 env
  Finalmente éste envía los frames al webserver, una vez más, sin fragmentar,
  ya que el MTU de Token Ring es mayor, quedando la responsabilidad de reensambla
 r el mensaje original en el webserver.
-\layout Paragraph
-
-Response HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
-Camino:
-\layout Standard
 
-Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> PPP -> H118 -> ethernet
- -> host
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
 \layout Standard
 
-Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames, ya que el MTU de Token
- Ring es de 17914 bytes pero 52 de ellos se utilizan para las cabeceras
- de TCP y IP (32 bytes y 20 bytes respectivamente), por lo que nos queda
- un payload efectivo de 17862 bytes por frame y 
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{102400}{17862}\approx5.73$
+Tecnología
 \end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
- (por lo tanto necesito 6 frames para transmitir el mensaje HTTP).
 \layout Standard
 
-Ahora el router H132 debe refragmentar los 5 primeros frames (que tenían
- el payload completo) para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI, ya que el MTU
- de esta red es menor (de 4352, pero el payload efectivo es de 4300) de
- la siguiente forma:
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-Payload Token Ring: | 17862                           | ...
- x5
-\layout LyX-Code
+Origen
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Payload FDDI:       | 4300 | 4300 | 4300 | 4300 | 662 | ...
- x5
 \layout Standard
 
-El sexto y último frame (cuyo payload es de 13090 bytes) lo fragmenta de
- la siguiente forma:
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-Payload Token Ring:   | 13090                    |
-\layout LyX-Code
+Destino
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Payload FDDI:         | 4300 | 4300 | 4300 | 190 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Entonces pasamos de tener 6 frames Token Ring a tener 29 FDDI.
-\layout Standard
+Fragmentos
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Ahora el router H131 toma estos nuevos frames y debe volver a fragmentarlos
- para poder enviarlos por PPP (que como dijimos tiene un MTU de 1500), por
- lo que tendremos 75 frames viajando por el PPP.
- Los fragmentos con payload completo son los únicos que se fragmentan y
- lo hacen de la siguiente manera:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\layout Standard
 
-FDDI | 4300               |
-\layout LyX-Code
+Fragmenta
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-ETH  | 1448 | 1448 | 1404 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Por último H118 no necesita volver a fragmentar los frames, ya que el MTU
- de ethernet coincide con el del enlace PPP.
- Ahora es responsabilidad del host reensamblar los frames para obtener el
- mensaje HTTP enviado por el webserver.
-\layout Subsubsection
+Reensabla
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Token Ring del webserver (alf) - Token Ring (simpsons)
 \layout Standard
 
-Se omitirán las explicaciones detalladas de los cálculos realizados en el
- punto anterior.
-\layout Paragraph
+Ethernet
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Request HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
-Camino:
-\layout Standard
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-host -> Token Ring -> H103 -> CSMA/CD -> H108 -> PPP (MTU: 1492) -> H116
- -> Gigabit Ethernet -> H118 -> PPP (MTU: 1500) -> H131 -> FDDI -> H132
- -> Token Ring -> Webserver
 \layout Standard
 
-Del host salen (por la fragmentación) 24 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-TOKEN: | 4412 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Que H103 debe fragmentar para que quepan en el MTU de CSMA/CD, que es de
- 1492, por lo tanto el payload efectivo es de 1440.
- En total se convierten en 93 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-TOKEN: | 4412                    | ...
- x23 | 924 |
-\layout LyX-Code
+71
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-CSMA:  | 1440 | 1440 | 1440 | 92 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
 \layout Standard
 
-A partir de ahora, no es necesario fragmentar más a estos frames, ya que
- todos los MTU utilizados en el resto de la transmisión son mayores que
- el del CSMA/CD.
- Por lo tanto sólo resta que el webserver reensamble los frames.
-\layout Paragraph
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Response HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
-Camino:
-\layout Standard
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> PPP (1500) -> H118 ->
- Gigabit Ethernet -> H116 -> PPP (1492) -> H108 -> CSMA/CD -> H103 -> Token
- Ring -> host 
 \layout Standard
 
-Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 24 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
+PPP (MTU 1500)
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-TOKEN: | 4412 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI.
- Pasamos de tener 24 frames Token Ring a tener 47 FDDI:
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-TOKEN: | 4412       | ...
- x23 | 924 |
-\layout LyX-Code
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-FDDI:  | 4300 | 112 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Ahora el router H131 toma estos nuevos frames y debe volver a fragmentarlos
- para poder enviarlos por PPP (que como dijimos tiene un MTU de 1500), por
- lo que tendremos 93 frames viajando por el PPP.
-\layout LyX-Code
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-FDDI | 4300               | 112 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
-\layout LyX-Code
+\layout Standard
+
+71
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-ETH  | 1448 | 1448 | 1404 | 112 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
 \layout Standard
 
-El router H116 tiene que fragmentar, ya que el MTU del enlace PPP tiene
- 8 bytes menos que el de la Gigabit Ethernet, resultando 139 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-ETH  | 1448     | 1448     | 1404 | 112 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
-\layout LyX-Code
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-CSMA | 1440 | 8 | 1440 | 8 | 1404 | 112 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
 \layout Standard
 
-A partir de ahora, no es necesario fragmentar más a estos frames, ya que
- todos los MTU utilizados en el resto de la transmisión son mayores que
- el del enlace PPP.
- Por lo tanto sólo resta que el host reensamble los frames.
-\layout Subsubsection
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Token Ring del webserver (alf) - FDDI (heman)
-\layout Paragraph
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Request HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
-Camino:
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
 \layout Standard
 
-host -> FDDI -> H101 -> X.25 -> H131 -> FDDI -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+71
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
 \layout Standard
 
-Del host salen (por la fragmentación) 24 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-FDDI: | 4300 | ...
- x23 | 3500 |
 \layout Standard
 
-El router H101 fragmenta estos frames porque debe transferirlos a la X.25
- que tiene un MTU mucho menor (125).
- Los frames con payload de 4300 bytes se convierten entonces en 35 frames
- X.25:
-\layout LyX-Code
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-FDDI: | 4300                                                |
-\layout LyX-Code
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-X.25: | 125 | ...
- x34 | 50 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Y el de 1640 bytes se convierte en 14:
-\layout LyX-Code
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-FDDI: | 1640               |
-\layout LyX-Code
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-X.25: | 125 | ...
- x13 | 15 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Quedando en total 816 frames X.25.
- Pero el router H131 los reensambla, volviendo a obtener los 24 frames originale
-s, que no deben ser fragmentados ya que entran perfectamente en el MTU del
- FDDI (tecnología para la cual fueron fragmentados originalmente).
+71
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
 \layout Standard
 
-Nuevamente, el MTU del Token Ring es mayor y no deben ser fragmentados por
- el router H132, quedando la responsabilidad del reensable al webserver.
-\layout Paragraph
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Subparagraph
 
 Response HTTP
 \layout Standard
@@ -15501,77 +15479,69 @@ Response HTTP
 Camino:
 \layout Standard
 
-Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> X.25 -> H101 -> FDDI ->
- host
+Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> PPP -> H118 -> ethernet
+ -> host
 \layout Standard
 
-Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 24 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
+Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames, ya que el MTU de Token
+ Ring es de 17914 bytes pero 52 de ellos se utilizan para las cabeceras
+ de TCP y IP (32 bytes y 20 bytes respectivamente), por lo que nos queda
+ un payload efectivo de 17862 bytes por frame y 
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{102400}{17862}\approx5.73$
+\end_inset 
 
-TOKEN: | 4412 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
+ (por lo tanto necesito 6 frames para transmitir el mensaje HTTP).
 \layout Standard
 
-Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI.
- Pasamos de tener 24 frames Token Ring a tener 47 FDDI:
+Ahora el router H132 debe refragmentar los 5 primeros frames (que tenían
+ el payload completo) para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI, ya que el MTU
+ de esta red es menor (de 4352, pero el payload efectivo es de 4300) de
+ la siguiente forma:
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-TOKEN: | 4412       | ...
- x23 | 924 |
+Payload Token Ring: | 17862                           | ...
+ x5 |
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-FDDI:  | 4300 | 112 | ...
- x23 | 924 |
+Payload FDDI:       | 4300 | 4300 | 4300 | 4300 | 662 | ...
+ x5 |
 \layout Standard
 
-H131 debe fragmentar estos frames de forma muy similar a lo visto en el
- punto anterior, ya que los frames de 4300 bytes se convierten en 35 frames
- X.25 y el de 924 bytes se fragmenta en 8:
+El sexto y último frame (cuyo payload es de 13090 bytes) lo fragmenta de
+ la siguiente forma:
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-FDDI: | 924               |
+Payload Token Ring:   | 13090                    |
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-X.25: | 125 | ...
- x7 | 49 |
-\layout Standard
-
-Sumando en total 813 frames X.25.
-\layout Standard
-
-Nuevamente X.25 reensambla obteniendo los frames FDDI originales, y al tener
- que viajar nuevamente por una red FDDI no es necesario refragmentarlos.
- Por lo tanto sólo resta que el host reensamble los frames.
-\layout Subsubsection
-
-Token Ring del webserver (alf) - Bluetooth (csi)
-\layout Paragraph
-
-Request HTTP
+Payload FDDI:         | 4300 | 4300 | 4300 | 190 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Camino:
+Entonces pasamos de tener 6 frames Token Ring a tener 29 FDDI.
 \layout Standard
 
-host -> bluetooth -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
-\layout Standard
+Ahora el router H131 toma estos nuevos frames y debe volver a fragmentarlos
+ para poder enviarlos por PPP (que como dijimos tiene un MTU de 1500), por
+ lo que tendremos 75 frames viajando por el PPP.
+ Los fragmentos con payload completo son los únicos que se fragmentan y
+ lo hacen de la siguiente manera:
+\layout LyX-Code
 
-Del host salen (por la fragmentación, ya que el payload de bluetooth es
- 291 descontando las cabeceras IP+TCP) 352 frames:
+FDDI: | 4300               |
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-Bluetooth: | 291 | ...
- x351 | 259 |
+PPP:  | 1448 | 1448 | 1404 |
 \layout Standard
 
-El router H132 no fragmenta estos frames porque caben perfectamente en la
- red Token Ring (cuyo MTU es mucho mayor).
- Sólo queda que el webserver los reensable.
+Por último H118 no necesita volver a fragmentar los frames, ya que el MTU
+ de ethernet coincide con el del enlace PPP.
+ Ahora es responsabilidad del host reensamblar los frames para obtener el
+ mensaje HTTP enviado por el webserver.
 \layout Standard
 
 
 \begin_inset  Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="6">
 <features>
 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
@@ -15635,7 +15605,7 @@ Reensabla
 
 \layout Standard
 
-bluetooth
+Token Ring
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15643,7 +15613,7 @@ bluetooth
 
 \layout Standard
 
-host
+webserver
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15659,7 +15629,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-352
+6
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15667,7 +15637,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-host
+webserver
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15679,13 +15649,13 @@ host
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row topline="true">
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
 \begin_inset Text
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Token Ring
+FDDI
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15701,7 +15671,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+H131
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15709,7 +15679,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-352
+29
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15717,7 +15687,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
--
+H132
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15725,69 +15695,2698 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
 
+PPP (MTU 1500)
 \end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
+\layout Standard
 
-\layout Paragraph
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Response HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
-Camino:
-\layout Standard
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> bluetooth -> host
 \layout Standard
 
-Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-Payload Token Ring: | 17862 | ...
- x5 | 13090 |
 \layout Standard
 
-Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red bluetooth.
- Por cada frame completo, pasamos a tener 62 frames bluetooth y el frame
- de 13090 se convierte en 46, de la siguiente forma:
-\layout LyX-Code
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-TOKEN: | 17962               | ...
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Ethernet
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Paragraph
+
+Token Ring del webserver (alf) - Token Ring (simpsons)
+\layout Standard
+
+Se omitirán las explicaciones detalladas de los cálculos realizados en el
+ punto anterior.
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Request HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+host -> Token Ring -> H103 -> CSMA/CD -> H108 -> PPP (MTU: 1492) -> H116
+ -> Gigabit Ethernet -> H118 -> PPP (MTU: 1500) -> H131 -> FDDI -> H132
+ -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+\layout Standard
+
+Del host salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862 | ...
+ x5 | 13090 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Que H103 debe fragmentar para que quepan en el MTU de CSMA/CD, que es de
+ 1492, por lo tanto el payload efectivo es de 1440.
+ En total se convierten en 75 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862                | ...
  x5 | 13090               |
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-FDDI:  | 291 | ...
- x61 | 111 | ...
- x5 | 291 | ...
- x45 | 286 |
+CSMA:  | 1440 | ...
+ x12 | 582 | ...
+ x5 | 1440 | ...
+ x9 | 130 |
+\layout Standard
+
+A partir de ahora, no es necesario fragmentar más a estos frames, ya que
+ todos los MTU utilizados en el resto de la transmisión son mayores que
+ el del CSMA/CD.
+ Por lo tanto sólo resta que el webserver reensamble los frames.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Tecnología
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Origen
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Destino
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmentos
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmenta
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Reensabla
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H103
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+6
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+CSMA/CD
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H103
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H108
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H103
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+PPP (MTU 1492)
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H108
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H116
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Gigabit Ethernet
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H116
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+PPP (MTU 1500)
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Response HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> PPP (1500) -> H118 ->
+ Gigabit Ethernet -> H116 -> PPP (1492) -> H108 -> CSMA/CD -> H103 -> Token
+ Ring -> host 
+\layout Standard
+
+Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862 | ...
+ x5 | 13090 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI.
+ Pasamos de tener 6 frames Token Ring a tener 29 FDDI:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862               | ...
+ x5 | 13090               |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI:  | 4300 | ...
+ x4 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 4300 | ...
+ x3 | 190 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Ahora el router H131 toma estos nuevos frames y debe volver a fragmentarlos
+ para poder enviarlos por PPP (que como dijimos tiene un MTU de 1500).
+ Cada fragmento de 4300 bytes de payload se convierte en 3 fragmentos; el
+ resto no necesita ser fragmentado.
+ Por lo tanto tenemos 75 fragmentos PPP:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI: | 4300               | ...
+ x23 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 190 |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+PPP:  | 1448 | 1448 | 1404 | ...
+ x23 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 190 |
+\layout Standard
+
+El router H116 tiene que fragmentar, ya que el MTU del enlace PPP tiene
+ 8 bytes menos que el de la Gigabit Ethernet, resultando 121 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+PPP:  | 1448     | 1448     | 1404 | ...
+ x23 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 190 |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+CSMA: | 1440 | 8 | 1440 | 8 | 1404 | ...
+ x23 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 190 |
+\layout Standard
+
+A partir de ahora, no es necesario fragmentar más a estos frames, ya que
+ todos los MTU utilizados en el resto de la transmisión son mayores que
+ el del enlace PPP.
+ Por lo tanto sólo resta que el host reensamble los frames.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Tecnología
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Origen
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Destino
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmentos
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmenta
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Reensabla
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+6
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+29
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+PPP (MTU 1500)
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Gigabit Ethernet
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H116
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+75
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+PPP (MTU 1492)
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H116
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H108
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\layout Standard
+
+121
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H116
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+CSMA/CD
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H108
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H103
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+121
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H103
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+121
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Paragraph
+
+Token Ring del webserver (alf) - FDDI (heman)
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Request HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+host -> FDDI -> H101 -> X.25 -> H131 -> FDDI -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+\layout Standard
+
+Del host salen (por la fragmentación) 24 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI: | 4300 | ...
+ x23 | 3500 |
+\layout Standard
+
+El router H101 fragmenta estos frames porque debe transferirlos a la X.25
+ que tiene un MTU mucho menor (125).
+ Los frames con payload de 4300 bytes se convierten entonces en 35 frames
+ X.25:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI: | 4300               |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+X.25: | 125 | ...
+ x34 | 50 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Y el de 1640 bytes se convierte en 14:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI: | 1640               |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+X.25: | 125 | ...
+ x13 | 15 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Quedando en total 816 frames X.25.
+ Pero el router H131 los reensambla, volviendo a obtener los 24 frames originale
+s, que no deben ser fragmentados ya que entran perfectamente en el MTU del
+ FDDI (tecnología para la cual fueron fragmentados originalmente).
+\layout Standard
+
+Nuevamente, el MTU del Token Ring es mayor y no deben ser fragmentados por
+ el router H132, quedando la responsabilidad del reensable al webserver.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Tecnología
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Origen
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Destino
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmentos
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmenta
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Reensabla
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H101
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+24
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+X.25
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H101
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+816
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+24
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+24
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Response HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> X.25 -> H101 -> FDDI ->
+ host
+\layout Standard
+
+Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862 | ...
+ x5 | 13090 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI.
+ Pasamos de tener 6 frames Token Ring a tener 29 FDDI:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862               | ...
+ x5 | 13090               |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI:  | 4300 | ...
+ x4 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 4300 | ...
+ x3 | 190 |
+\layout Standard
+
+H131 debe fragmentar estos frames de forma muy similar a lo visto en el
+ punto anterior, ya que los frames de 4300 bytes se convierten en 35 frames
+ X.25, los de 662 bytes en 6 y el de 190 bytes en 2:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI: | 662               |      | 190      |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+X.25: | 125 | ...
+ x5 | 37 |      | 125 | 65 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Sumando en total 837 frames X.25.
+\layout Standard
+
+Nuevamente X.25 reensambla obteniendo los frames FDDI originales, y al tener
+ que viajar nuevamente por una red FDDI no es necesario refragmentarlos.
+ Por lo tanto sólo resta que el host reensamble los frames.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Tecnología
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Origen
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Destino
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmentos
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Fragmenta
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Reensabla
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Token Ring
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+6
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+webserver
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+29
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H132
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+X.25
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H101
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+837
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H131
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H101
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+FDDI
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H101
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+29
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+host
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Paragraph
+
+Token Ring del webserver (alf) - Bluetooth (csi)
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Request HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+host -> bluetooth -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+\layout Standard
+
+Del host salen (por la fragmentación, ya que el payload de bluetooth es
+ 291 descontando las cabeceras IP+TCP) 352 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+Bluetooth: | 291 | ...
+ x351 | 259 |
+\layout Standard
+
+El router H132 no fragmenta estos frames porque caben perfectamente en la
+ red Token Ring (cuyo MTU es mucho mayor).
+ Sólo queda que el webserver los reensable.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
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+
+Response HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> bluetooth -> host
+\layout Standard
+
+Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+Payload Token Ring: | 17862 | ...
+ x5 | 13090 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red bluetooth.
+ Por cada frame completo, pasamos a tener 62 frames bluetooth y el frame
+ de 13090 se convierte en 46, de la siguiente forma:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17962               | ...
+ x5 | 13090               |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI:  | 291 | ...
+ x61 | 111 | ...
+ x5 | 291 | ...
+ x45 | 286 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Quedando en total 356 frames bluetooth.
+ Ahora sólo resta que el host los reensable.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
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+\end_inset 
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+
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+
+\layout Paragraph
+
+Token Ring del webserver (alf) - 802.11g (friends)
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Request HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+host -> 802.11g -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+\layout Standard
+
+Del host salen (por la fragmentación, ya que el payload de 802.11g es 2260
+ descontando las cabeceras IP+TCP) 46 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+802.11g: | 2260 | ...
+ x45 | 700 |
+\layout Standard
+
+El router H132 no fragmenta estos frames porque caben perfectamente en la
+ red Token Ring (cuyo MTU es mucho mayor).
+ Sólo queda que el webserver los reensable.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
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+
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+-
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\layout Standard
+
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+\end_inset 
+</cell>
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+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset 
+
+
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Response HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> 802.11g -> host
+\layout Standard
+
+Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+Payload Token Ring: | 17862 | ...
+ x5 | 13090 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red 802.11g.
+ Por cada frame completo, pasamos a tener 8 frames 802.11g y el frame de
+ 13090 se convierte en 6, de la siguiente forma:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17962                | ...
+ x5 | 13090                |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI:  | 2260 | ...
+ x7 | 2042 | ...
+ x5 | 2260 | ...
+ x5 | 1790 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Quedando en total 46 frames 802.11g.
+ Ahora sólo resta que el host los reensable.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\layout Standard
+
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+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\layout Standard
+
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+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\layout Standard
+
+6
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+
+-
+\end_inset 
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+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
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+
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+
+\layout Paragraph
+
+Token Ring del webserver (alf) - 802.16 (internet B)
+\layout Subparagraph
+
+Request HTTP
+\layout Standard
+
+Camino:
+\layout Standard
+
+host -> 802.16 -> H114 -> Gigabit Ethernet -> H118 -> PPP (MTU: 1500) ->
+ H131 -> FDDI -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+\layout Standard
+
+El MTU de 802.16 es de 1996, pero descontando las cabeceras IP + TCP quedarían
+ 1944 bytes efectivos.
+ Por lo tanto se fragmenta en 53 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+802.16: | 1944 | ...
+ x52 | 1312 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Pero H114 debe volver a fragmentar para que quepan en la Gigabit Ethernet,
+ resultando 105 frames:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+802.16: | 1944       | ...
+ x52 | 1312 |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+Gb ETH: | 1440 | 504 | ...
+ x52 | 1312 |
+\layout Standard
+
+A partir de ahora, no es necesario fragmentar más a estos frames, ya que
+ todos los MTU utilizados en el resto de la transmisión son mayores que
+ el de la Gigabit Ethernet.
+ Por lo tanto sólo resta que el webserver reensamble los frames.
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset  Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="6">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
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+
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+
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+<row topline="true">
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+
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+
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+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+
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+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+H118
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
 \layout Standard
 
-Quedando en total 356 frames bluetooth.
- Ahora sólo resta que el host los reensable.
+105
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
 \layout Standard
 
+H114
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
 
-\begin_inset  Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+\layout Standard
+
+-
+\end_inset 
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
 \begin_inset Text
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Tecnología
+PPP (MTU 1500)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15795,7 +18394,7 @@ Tecnolog
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Origen
+H118
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15803,7 +18402,7 @@ Origen
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Destino
+H131
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15811,7 +18410,7 @@ Destino
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Fragmentos
+105
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15819,7 +18418,7 @@ Fragmentos
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Fragmenta
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15827,7 +18426,7 @@ Fragmenta
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Reensabla
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
@@ -15837,7 +18436,7 @@ Reensabla
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Token Ring
+FDDI
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15845,7 +18444,7 @@ Token Ring
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+H131
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15861,7 +18460,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-24
+105
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15869,7 +18468,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15887,7 +18486,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-bluetooth
+Token Ring
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15903,7 +18502,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-host
+webserver
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15911,7 +18510,7 @@ host
 
 \layout Standard
 
-356
+105
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15919,7 +18518,7 @@ host
 
 \layout Standard
 
-H132
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -15927,7 +18526,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-host
+webserver
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
@@ -15936,36 +18535,65 @@ host
 \end_inset 
 
 
-\layout Subsubsection
-
-Token Ring del webserver (alf) - 802.11g (friends)
-\layout Paragraph
+\layout Subparagraph
 
-Request HTTP
+Response HTTP
 \layout Standard
 
 Camino:
 \layout Standard
 
-host -> 802.11g -> H132 -> Token Ring -> Webserver
+Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> FDDI -> H131 -> PPP (1500) -> H118 ->
+ Gigabit Ethernet -> H114 -> 802.16 -> host 
 \layout Standard
 
-Del host salen (por la fragmentación, ya que el payload de 802.11g es 2260
- descontando las cabeceras IP+TCP) 46 frames:
+Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
 \layout LyX-Code
 
-802.11g: | 2260 | ...
- x45 | 700 |
+TOKEN: | 17862 | ...
+ x5 | 13090 |
 \layout Standard
 
-El router H132 no fragmenta estos frames porque caben perfectamente en la
- red Token Ring (cuyo MTU es mucho mayor).
- Sólo queda que el webserver los reensable.
+Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red FDDI.
+ Pasamos de tener 6 frames Token Ring a tener 29 FDDI:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+TOKEN: | 17862               | ...
+ x5 | 13090               |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI:  | 4300 | ...
+ x4 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 4300 | ...
+ x3 | 190 |
+\layout Standard
+
+Ahora el router H131 toma estos nuevos frames y debe volver a fragmentarlos
+ para poder enviarlos por PPP (que como dijimos tiene un MTU de 1500).
+ Cada fragmento de 4300 bytes de payload se convierte en 3 fragmentos; el
+ resto no necesita ser fragmentado.
+ Por lo tanto tenemos 75 fragmentos PPP:
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+FDDI: | 4300               | ...
+ x23 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 190 |
+\layout LyX-Code
+
+PPP:  | 1448 | 1448 | 1404 | ...
+ x23 | 662 | ...
+ x5 | 190 |
+\layout Standard
+
+A partir de ahora, no es necesario fragmentar más a estos frames, ya que
+ todos los MTU utilizados en el resto de la transmisión son mayores que
+ el del enlace PPP.
+ Por lo tanto sólo resta que el host reensamble los frames.
 \layout Standard
 
 
 \begin_inset  Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="6">
 <features>
 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
@@ -16029,7 +18657,7 @@ Reensabla
 
 \layout Standard
 
-802.11g
+Token Ring
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16037,7 +18665,7 @@ Reensabla
 
 \layout Standard
 
-host
+webserver
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16053,7 +18681,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-46
+6
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16061,7 +18689,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-host
+webserver
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16073,13 +18701,13 @@ host
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row topline="true">
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
 \begin_inset Text
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Token Ring
+FDDI
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16095,7 +18723,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+H131
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16103,7 +18731,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-46
+29
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16111,7 +18739,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
--
+H132
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16119,69 +18747,17 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset 
-
-
-\layout Paragraph
-
-Response HTTP
-\layout Standard
-
-Camino:
-\layout Standard
-
-Webserver -> Token Ring -> H132 -> 802.11g -> host
-\layout Standard
-
-Del webserver salen (por la fragmentación) 6 frames:
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-Payload Token Ring: | 17862 | ...
- x5 | 13090 |
-\layout Standard
-
-Ahora el router H132 debe fragmentar para poder enviarlos por la red 802.11g.
- Por cada frame completo, pasamos a tener 8 frames 802.11g y el frame de
- 13090 se convierte en 6, de la siguiente forma:
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-TOKEN: | 17962                | ...
- x5 | 13090                |
-\layout LyX-Code
-
-FDDI:  | 2260 | ...
- x7 | 2042 | ...
- x5 | 2260 | ...
- x5 | 1790 |
-\layout Standard
-
-Quedando en total 46 frames 802.11g.
- Ahora sólo resta que el host los reensable.
-\layout Standard
-
-
-\begin_inset  Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="6">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row topline="true">
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
 \begin_inset Text
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Tecnología
+PPP (MTU 1500)
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16189,7 +18765,7 @@ Tecnolog
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Origen
+H131
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16197,7 +18773,7 @@ Origen
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Destino
+H118
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16205,7 +18781,7 @@ Destino
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Fragmentos
+75
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16213,7 +18789,7 @@ Fragmentos
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Fragmenta
+H131
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16221,7 +18797,7 @@ Fragmenta
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Reensabla
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 </row>
@@ -16231,7 +18807,7 @@ Reensabla
 
 \layout Standard
 
-Token Ring
+Gigabit Ethernet
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16239,7 +18815,7 @@ Token Ring
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+H118
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16247,7 +18823,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-H132
+H114
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16255,7 +18831,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-6
+75
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16263,7 +18839,7 @@ H132
 
 \layout Standard
 
-webserver
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16281,7 +18857,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-802.11g
+802.16
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16289,7 +18865,7 @@ webserver
 
 \layout Standard
 
-H132
+H114
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16305,7 +18881,7 @@ host
 
 \layout Standard
 
-46
+75
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16313,7 +18889,7 @@ host
 
 \layout Standard
 
-H132
+-
 \end_inset 
 </cell>
 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
@@ -16330,7 +18906,7 @@ host
 \end_inset 
 
 
-\layout Subsection
+\layout Subsubsection
 
 FTP
 \layout Standard
@@ -16338,11 +18914,111 @@ FTP
 El análisis de tráfico FTP va a ser muy similar al HTTP, con la diferencia
  de que probablemente los comandos FTP sean tan pequeños que no sufran fragmenta
 ción alguna, mientras que la transferencia de datos sí.
-\layout Subsection
+\layout Subsubsection
 
 Telnet
 \layout Standard
 
 Telnet va a comportarse de manera muy similar a los comandos FTP, ya que
  son paquetes muy pequeños, seguramente nunca van a ser necesario fragmentarlos.
+\layout Section
+
+Referencias
+\layout Standard
+
+[1] RFC 1661 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+ (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1661.html)
+\layout Standard
+
+[2] Tanenbaum Andrew S., : 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+Computers Networks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+, Prentice Hall, Marzo 17, 2003, cap 3, pag 190
+\layout Standard
+
+[3] RFC 1877 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol Extensions for Name Server Addresses
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+ (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1877.html)
+\layout Standard
+
+[4] Linux PPP Howto (http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/PPP-HOWTO/)
+\layout Standard
+
+[5] Tanenbaum Andrew S., : 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+Computers Networks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+, Prentice Hall, Marzo 17, 2003, cap 3, pag 189
+\layout Standard
+
+[6] Tanenbaum Andrew S., : 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+Computers Networks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+, Prentice Hall, Marzo 17, 2003, cap 4, pag 218
+\layout Standard
+
+[7] http://www.protocols.com/pbook/lan.htm
+\layout Standard
+
+[8] http://www.protocols.com/pbook/lan.htm
+\layout Standard
+
+[9] Tanenbaum Andrew S., : 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+Computers Networks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+, Prentice Hall, Marzo 17, 2003, cap 4, pag 234
+\layout Standard
+
+[10] Tanenbaum Andrew S., : 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+Computers Networks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+, Prentice Hall, Marzo 17, 2003, cap 4, pag 246
+\layout Standard
+
+[11] Tanenbaum Andrew S., : 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset 
+
+Computers Networks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset 
+
+, Prentice Hall, Marzo 17, 2003, cap 4, pag 240
 \the_end