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}{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls3\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch In a virtual machine as a client} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1028\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls3\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch In a networked remote server} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li282\sb57 2. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li282\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1010\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Numbered List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pndec{\pntxtb }{\pntxta 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.}}\fn-282\li1133\ls7\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch The administrator can avoid the warnings telling the IDS what files are about to change} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1030\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls5\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Better approach than comparing checksums} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1033\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls8\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Immediate notification} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1033\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls8\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch No reference database maintenance} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 C. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1033\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls8\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Avoid relaying on client OS to do checks that can be compromised by intruders} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 D. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1033\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls8\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch It can detect short-term changes made and then undone} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 b. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1029\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls4\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Suspicious update patterns} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1034\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls9\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Client system audit logs} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1035\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls10\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Usually append only} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1035\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls10\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch May be periodically}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} \uc1\u8220\'93}{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}rotated}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0}\uc1\u8221\'94} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 C. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1035\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls10\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Any other update pattern is suspicious} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1034\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls9\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Timestamp reversal} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1036\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls11\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch By manipulating the time stored in inodes an intruder hide some file manipulation} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1036\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls11\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Some programs manipulate this timestamps legitimately} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 I. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1037\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls12\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch This programs usually change time of newly created files only} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 II. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1037\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls12\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Other timestamp manipulation can trigger an alert} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 III. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1037\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls12\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch An intruder can delete and re-create the file but this can be detected with more complex rules} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1034\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls9\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Storage DoS attacks} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1038\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls13\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Allocating all or most of free space} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1038\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls13\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Allocating all or most of inodes or metadata} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 C. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1038\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls13\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Resources exhaustion triggers an alarm}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} (}{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}administrator attention is needed soon}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0})} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iv. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1034\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls9\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch General warnings} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1039\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls14\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Special attributes modification}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} (}{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}like set UID}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0})} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1039\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls14\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Access patterns to well known file types} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 I. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1040\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls15\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Word processor} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 II. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1040\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls15\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Unix password management files} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 C. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1039\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls14\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Common patterns of system calls} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 D. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1039\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls14\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Prone to false alarms} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 c. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1029\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls4\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Content integrity} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1041\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls16\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Complexity} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1042\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls17\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Must understand the format of a file} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1042\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls17\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch File format may be arbitrarily complex and verification may require access to additional data blocks} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 C. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1042\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls17\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Security vs.}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}Performance trade-off decision needed} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 I. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1043\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls18\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Usually there are a few critical files checked} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1041\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls16\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Unix system password file as a study case} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1044\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls19\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Intruders can change root shell,}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}among other things} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1044\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls19\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Can be avoided checking the shell is valid with}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}/etc/shells} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1041\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls16\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Write-ahead logs as a study case} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1045\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls20\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Write-ahead logs can be used to detect intruders actions} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1045\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls20\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Intruders can manipulate the data directly bypassing the logs} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 C. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1045\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls20\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch IDS can ensure logs consistency} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 I. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1046\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls21\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch All changes are reflected in the logs} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 II. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1046\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls21\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch No fake changes appear in the logs} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 III. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1046\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls21\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Triggers an alarm whenever these system invariants are violated} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 d. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1029\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls4\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Suspicious content} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1047\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls22\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Virus} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1048\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls23\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Can detect known viruses by its signature} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1048\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls23\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Viruses cannot disable the scanners even after infecting clients} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1047\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls22\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Large number of hidden files} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1049\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls24\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Hidden files are not displayed by normal directory listing interfaces} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1049\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls24\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Their use may indicate that an intruder is using the system as a storage repository} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1047\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls22\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Large number of empty files or directories} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1050\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls25\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch May indicate an attempt to exploit a race condition} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li282\sb57 3. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li282\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1010\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Numbered List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pndec{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li282\ls1\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Responding to intrusions} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 a. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1051\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls26\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Storage IDS should not interfere with a valid,}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}running system} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 b. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1051\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls26\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch A detected intruder action may be a legitimate user action}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} (}{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}false alarm}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0})} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1052\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls27\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Default response is to send an alarm} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1053\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls28\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch To the administrator} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1053\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls28\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch To an alert log file} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1052\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls27\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Security vs.}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}potential damage caused by false alarm trade-off decision needed when making other responses} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 c. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1051\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls26\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Slow down suspected intruder's storage access} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1054\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls29\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Wait for alarm acknowledge before completing the suspicious request} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1054\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls29\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Increase request latencies} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1054\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls29\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Could be annoying for users when is a false alarm but cause not damage} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 d. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1051\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls26\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Isolate intruders via versioning at the file system level} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1055\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls30\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch The file system forks the version tree on suspicious actions} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1055\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls30\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Administrator can legitimate actions to be committed} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1055\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls30\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Forking can interfere with system operation} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1056\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls31\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Hard reintegration of false alarms} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 e. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1051\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls26\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Start versioning all data and auditing all storage request when an intrusion is detected} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1057\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls32\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Provides the administrator with information for post-intrusion diagnosis and recovery} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1057\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls32\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Intrusion-related information will likely be lost} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li282\sb57 4. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li282\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1010\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Numbered List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pndec{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li282\ls1\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Limitations} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 a. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1058\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls33\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Can produce false alarms} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1059\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls34\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Few with specific rules} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1059\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls34\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Grows with more general rules} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 b. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1058\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls33\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Can fail to spot some intrusions} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1060\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls35\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Intrusions that not cause storage odd behavior} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1061\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls36\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Networked worms} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 B. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1061\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls36\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Modification of storage in unwatched ways} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1060\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls35\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Can be improved using host IDSs and network IDSs too} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 c. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1058\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls33\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0}\uc1\u8220\'93}{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}Game}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0}\uc1\u8221\'94 }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}of scalation} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1062\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls37\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Intruders will change tactics} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1062\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls37\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Rules must be updated to detect new tactics} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 d. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1058\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls33\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Storage IDSs within individual components of decentralized storage systems are unlikely to be effective} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1063\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls38\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Disk array controller is a fin place to storage IDS} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1063\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls38\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Individual disks software striping is not} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1133\sb57 A. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1133\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1064\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1133\ls39\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Each of the disks has only part of the file system's state} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li1416\sb57 I. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li1416\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1065\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Upper Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnucrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li1416\ls40\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Difficult to check non-trivial rules} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li566\sb57 e. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li566\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1058\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Case List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcltr{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li566\ls33\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Is not free} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 i. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1066\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls41\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Processing overhead} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 ii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1066\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls41\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Memory resources consumption} +\par}{\listtext\pard\fi-282\li850\sb57 iii. }\pard\plain{\ltrpar\ql\fi-282\li850\sb57\s31\f0\fs24\lang11274{\*\listtag0}{\*\abilist\abilistid1066\abilistparentid0\abilistlevel1\abistartat1{\abifieldfont }{\abilistdecimal .}{\abilistdelim %L.}{\abiliststyle Lower Roman List}}{\*\pn\pnql\pnstart1\pnlvlbody\pnlcrm{\pntxtb }{\pntxta .}}\fn-282\li850\ls41\ilvl0\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}\abinodiroverride\ltrch Security vs.}{\f0\fs24\lang1033\ltrch{\*\listtag0} }{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}performance trade-off decision needed} +\par}\pard\plain\ltrpar\ql\sl240\slmult1\itap0{\f0\fs24\lang1033{\*\listtag0}}} \ No newline at end of file -- 2.43.0