Table of Contents
+
Table of Contents
This section is intended as a brief overview of how to use Mutt. There are many other features which are described elsewhere in the manual. There is even more information available in the Mutt FAQ and various web -pages. See the Mutt Page for more details. +pages. See the Mutt homepage for more details.
The keybindings described in this section are the defaults as distributed. Your local system administrator may have altered the defaults for your site. -You can always type ``?'' in any menu to display the current bindings. -
-The first thing you need to do is invoke mutt, simply by typing mutt -at the command line. There are various command-line options, see -either the mutt man page or the reference. -
-Information is presented in menus, very similar to ELM, see Table 2.1, âMost common navigation keysâ -for common keys used to navigate menus in Mutt. -
- -
Table 2.1. Most common navigation keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| j or Down | next-entry | move to the next entry |
| k or Up | previous-entry | move to the previous entry |
| z or PageDn | page-down | go to the next page |
| Z or PageUp | page-up | go to the previous page |
| = or Home | first-entry | jump to the first entry |
| * or End | last-entry | jump to the last entry |
| q | quit | exit the current menu |
| ? | help | list all keybindings for the current menu |
-
-
+You can always type â?â in any menu to display the current bindings. +
+The first thing you need to do is invoke Mutt, simply by typing mutt
+at the command line. There are various command-line options, see
+either the Mutt man page or the reference.
+
+Mutt is a text-based application which interacts with users through +different menus which are mostly line-/entry-based or page-based. A +line-based menu is the so-called âindexâ menu (listing all messages of +the currently opened folder) or the âaliasâ menu (allowing you to +select recipients from a list). Examples for page-based menus are the +âpagerâ (showing one message at a time) or the âhelpâ menu listing +all available key bindings. +
+The user interface consists of a context sensitive help line at the top, +the menu's contents followed by a context sensitive status line and +finally the command line. The command line is used to display +informational and error messages as well as for prompts and for entering +interactive commands. +
+Mutt is configured through variables which, if the user wants to +permanently use a non-default value, are written to configuration +files. Mutt supports a rich config file syntax to make even complex +configuration files readable and commentable. +
+Because Mutt allows for customizing almost all key bindings, there are +so-called âfunctionsâ which can be executed manually (using the +command line) or in macros. Macros allow the user to bind a sequence of +commands to a single key or a short key sequence instead of repeating a +sequence of actions over and over. +
+Many commands (such as saving or copying a message to another folder) +can be applied to a single message or a set of messages (so-called +âtaggedâ messages). To help selecting messages, Mutt provides a rich +set of message patterns (such as recipients, sender, body contents, date +sent/received, etc.) which can be combined into complex expressions +using the boolean and and or +operations as well as negating. These patterns can also be used to (for +example) search for messages or to limit the index to show only matching +messages. +
+Mutt supports a âhookâ concept which allows the user to execute +arbitrary configuration commands and functions in certain situations +such as entering a folder, starting a new message or replying to an +existing one. These hooks can be used to highly customize Mutt's +behaviour including managing multiple identities, customizing the +display for a folder or even implementing auto-archiving based on a +per-folder basis and much more. +
+Besides an interactive mode, Mutt can also be used as a command-line
+tool only send messages. It also supports a
+mailx(1)-compatible interface, see Table 9.1, âCommand line optionsâ for a complete list of command-line
+options.
+
+The index is the screen that you usually see first when you start +Mutt. It gives an overview over your emails in the currently opened +mailbox. By default, this is your system mailbox. The information you +see in the index is a list of emails, each with its number on the left, +its flags (new email, important email, email that has been forwarded or +replied to, tagged email, ...), the date when email was sent, its +sender, the email size, and the subject. Additionally, the index also +shows thread hierarchies: when you reply to an email, and the other +person replies back, you can see the other's person email in a +"sub-tree" below. This is especially useful for personal email between +a group of people or when you've subscribed to mailing lists. +
+The pager is responsible for showing the email content. On the top of +the pager you have an overview over the most important email headers +like the sender, the recipient, the subject, and much more +information. How much information you actually see depends on your +configuration, which we'll describe below. +
+Below the headers, you see the email body which usually contains the +message. If the email contains any attachments, you will see more +information about them below the email body, or, if the attachments are +text files, you can view them directly in the pager. +
+To give the user a good overview, it is possible to configure Mutt to +show different things in the pager with different colors. Virtually +everything that can be described with a regular expression can be +colored, e.g. URLs, email addresses or smileys. +
+The file browser is the interface to the local or remote file +system. When selecting a mailbox to open, the browser allows custom +sorting of items, limiting the items shown by a regular expression and a +freely adjustable format of what to display in which way. It also allows +for easy navigation through the file system when selecting file(s) to +attach to a message, select multiple files to attach and many more. +
+The help screen is meant to offer a quick help to the user. It lists the +current configuration of key bindings and their associated commands +including a short description, and currently unbound functions that +still need to be associated with a key binding (or alternatively, they +can be called via the Mutt command prompt). +
+The compose menu features a split screen containing the information +which really matter before actually sending a message by mail: who gets +the message as what (recipients and who gets what kind of +copy). Additionally, users may set security options like deciding +whether to sign, encrypt or sign and encrypt a message with/for what +keys. Also, it's used to attach messages, to re-edit any attachment +including the message itself. +
+The alias menu is used to help users finding the recipients of +messages. For users who need to contact many people, there's no need to +remember addresses or names completely because it allows for searching, +too. The alias mechanism and thus the alias menu also features grouping +several addresses by a shorter nickname, the actual alias, so that users +don't have to select each single recipient manually. +
+As will be later discussed in detail, Mutt features a good and stable +MIME implementation, that is, it supports sending and receiving messages +of arbitrary MIME types. The attachment menu displays a message's +structure in detail: what content parts are attached to which parent +part (which gives a true tree structure), which type is of what type and +what size. Single parts may saved, deleted or modified to offer great +and easy access to message's internals. +
+The most important navigation keys common to line- or entry-based menus +are shown in Table 2.1, âMost common navigation keys in entry-based menusâ and in +Table 2.2, âMost common navigation keys in page-based menusâ for page-based menus. +
Table 2.1. Most common navigation keys in entry-based menus
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| j or <Down> | <next-entry> | move to the next entry |
| k or <Up> | <previous-entry> | move to the previous entry |
| z or <PageDn> | <page-down> | go to the next page |
| Z or <PageUp> | <page-up> | go to the previous page |
| = or <Home> | <first-entry> | jump to the first entry |
| * or <End> | <last-entry> | jump to the last entry |
| q | <quit> | exit the current menu |
| ? | <help> | list all keybindings for the current menu |
Table 2.2. Most common navigation keys in page-based menus
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| J or <Return> | <next-line> | scroll down one line |
| <Backspace> | <previous-line> | sroll up one line |
| K, <Space> or <PageDn> | <next-page> | move to the next page |
| - or <PageUp> | <previous-page> | move the previous page |
| <Home> | <top> | move to the top |
| <End> | <bottom> | move to the bottom |
Mutt has a built-in line editor for inputting text, e.g. email addresses or filenames. The keys used to manipulate text input are -very similar to those of Emacs. See Table 2.2, âMost common line editor keysâ for a full +very similar to those of Emacs. See Table 2.3, âMost common line editor keysâ for a full reference of available functions, their default key bindings, and short descriptions. -
- -
Table 2.2. Most common line editor keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ^A or <Home> | bol | move to the start of the line |
| ^B or <Left> | backward-char | move back one char |
| Esc B | backward-word | move back one word |
| ^D or <Delete> | delete-char | delete the char under the cursor |
| ^E or <End> | eol | move to the end of the line |
| ^F or <Right> | forward-char | move forward one char |
| Esc F | forward-word | move forward one word |
| <Tab> | complete | complete filename or alias |
| ^T | complete-query | complete address with query |
| ^K | kill-eol | delete to the end of the line |
| ESC d | kill-eow | delete to the end ot the word |
| ^W | kill-word | kill the word in front of the cursor |
| ^U | kill-line | delete entire line |
| ^V | quote-char | quote the next typed key |
| <Up> | history-up | recall previous string from history |
| <Down> | history-down | recall next string from history |
| <BackSpace> | backspace | kill the char in front of the cursor |
| Esc u | upcase-word | convert word to upper case |
| Esc l | downcase-word | convert word to lower case |
| Esc c | capitalize-word | capitalize the word |
| ^G | n/a | abort |
| <Return> | n/a | finish editing |
-
-
+
Table 2.3. Most common line editor keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ^A or <Home> | <bol> | move to the start of the line |
| ^B or <Left> | <backward-char> | move back one char |
| Esc B | <backward-word> | move back one word |
| ^D or <Delete> | <delete-char> | delete the char under the cursor |
| ^E or <End> | <eol> | move to the end of the line |
| ^F or <Right> | <forward-char> | move forward one char |
| Esc F | <forward-word> | move forward one word |
| <Tab> | <complete> | complete filename or alias |
| ^T | <complete-query> | complete address with query |
| ^K | <kill-eol> | delete to the end of the line |
| Esc d | <kill-eow> | delete to the end of the word |
| ^W | <kill-word> | kill the word in front of the cursor |
| ^U | <kill-line> | delete entire line |
| ^V | <quote-char> | quote the next typed key |
| <Up> | <history-up> | recall previous string from history |
| <Down> | <history-down> | recall next string from history |
| <BackSpace> | <backspace> | kill the char in front of the cursor |
| Esc u | <upcase-word> | convert word to upper case |
| Esc l | <downcase-word> | convert word to lower case |
| Esc c | <capitalize-word> | capitalize the word |
| ^G | n/a | abort |
| <Return> | n/a | finish editing |
You can remap the editor functions using the -bind command. For example, to make -the Delete key delete the character in front of -the cursor rather than under, you could use +bind command. For example, to make +the <Delete> key delete the character in front of +the cursor rather than under, you could use:
bind editor <delete> backspace -
-The number of items in the built-in editor's history is controlled by
-the $history variable. You may
-cycle through them at an editor prompt by using the
-history-up and/or history-down
-commands.
+
+Mutt maintains a history for the built-in editor. The number of items
+is controlled by the $history
+variable and can be made persistent using an external file specified
+using $history_file.
+You may cycle through them at an editor prompt by using the
+<history-up> and/or
+<history-down> commands. But notice that Mutt
+does not remember the currently entered text, it only cycles through
+history and wraps around at the end or beginning.
Mutt maintains several distinct history lists, one for each of the following categories: -
-
muttrc commands
addresses and aliases
shell commands
filenames
patterns
everything else
-
-Mutt automatically filters out repeated items from the history. It +
.muttrc commands
addresses and aliases
shell commands
filenames
patterns
everything else
+Mutt automatically filters out consecutively repeated items from the history. It also mimics the behavior of some shells by ignoring items starting -with a space. -
-The latter feature can be useful in macros to not clobber the history's -valuable entries with unwanted entries. -
Similar to many other mail clients, there are two modes in which mail is -read in Mutt. The first is the index of messages in the mailbox, which is -called the ``index'' in Mutt. The second mode is the display of the -message contents. This is called the ``pager.'' +read in Mutt. The first is a list of messages in the mailbox, which is +called the âindexâ menu in Mutt. The second mode is the display of the +message contents. This is called the âpager.â
The next few sections describe the functions provided in each of these modes. -
+
Common keys used to navigate through and manage messages in the index -are shown in Table 2.3, âMost common message index keysâ. -
- -
Table 2.3. Most common message index keys
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| c | change to a different mailbox |
| ESC c | change to a folder in read-only mode |
| C | copy the current message to another mailbox |
| ESC C | decode a message and copy it to a folder |
| ESC s | decode a message and save it to a folder |
| D | delete messages matching a pattern |
| d | delete the current message |
| F | mark as important |
| l | show messages matching a pattern |
| N | mark message as new |
| o | change the current sort method |
| O | reverse sort the mailbox |
| q | save changes and exit |
| s | save-message |
| T | tag messages matching a pattern |
| t | toggle the tag on a message |
| ESC t | toggle tag on entire message thread |
| U | undelete messages matching a pattern |
| u | undelete-message |
| v | view-attachments |
| x | abort changes and exit |
| <Return> | display-message |
| <Tab> | jump to the next new or unread message |
| @ | show the author's full e-mail address |
| $ | save changes to mailbox |
| / | search |
| ESC / | search-reverse |
| ^L | clear and redraw the screen |
| ^T | untag messages matching a pattern |
-
-
+are shown in Table 2.4, âMost common message index keysâ. How messages are presented +in the index menu can be customized using the +$index_format variable. +
Table 2.4. Most common message index keys
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| c | change to a different mailbox |
| Esc c | change to a folder in read-only mode |
| C | copy the current message to another mailbox |
| Esc C | decode a message and copy it to a folder |
| Esc s | decode a message and save it to a folder |
| D | delete messages matching a pattern |
| d | delete the current message |
| F | mark as important |
| l | show messages matching a pattern |
| N | mark message as new |
| o | change the current sort method |
| O | reverse sort the mailbox |
| q | save changes and exit |
| s | save-message |
| T | tag messages matching a pattern |
| t | toggle the tag on a message |
| Esc t | toggle tag on entire message thread |
| U | undelete messages matching a pattern |
| u | undelete-message |
| v | view-attachments |
| x | abort changes and exit |
| <Return> | display-message |
| <Tab> | jump to the next new or unread message |
| @ | show the author's full e-mail address |
| $ | save changes to mailbox |
| / | search |
| Esc / | search-reverse |
| ^L | clear and redraw the screen |
| ^T | untag messages matching a pattern |
In addition to who sent the message and the subject, a short summary of the disposition of each message is printed beside the message number. -Zero or more of the following ``flags'' may appear, which mean: -
-
-message is deleted (is marked for deletion) -
-message have attachments marked for deletion -
-contains a PGP public key -
-message is new -
-message is old -
-message is PGP encrypted -
-message has been replied to -
-message is signed, and the signature is successfully verified -
-message is signed -
-message is flagged -
-message is tagged -
-
-Some of the status flags can be turned on or off using - -
-set-flag (default: w) -
-clear-flag (default: W) -
- -
-Furthermore, the following flags reflect who the message is addressed -to. They can be customized with the -$to_chars variable. -
-
-message is to you and you only -
-message is to you, but also to or cc'ed to others -
-message is cc'ed to you -
-message is from you -
-message is sent to a subscribed mailing list -
-
-By default, Mutt uses its builtin pager to display the body of messages. -The pager is very similar to the Unix program less though not nearly as -featureful. -
- -
Table 2.4. Most common pager keys
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| <Return> | go down one line |
| <Space> | display the next page (or next message if at the end of a message) |
| - | go back to the previous page |
| n | search for next match |
| S | skip beyond quoted text |
| T | toggle display of quoted text |
| ? | show keybindings |
| / | search for a regular expression (pattern) |
| ESC / | search backwards for a regular expression |
| \ | toggle search pattern coloring |
| ^ | jump to the top of the message |
-
-
-In addition to key bindings in Table 2.4, âMost common pager keysâ,
-many of the functions from the index are available in
-the pager, such as delete-message or copy-message (this is one
-advantage over using an external pager to view messages).
+Zero or more of the âflagsâ in Table 2.5, âMessage status flagsâ
+may appear, some of which can be turned on or off using these functions:
+<set-flag> and
+<clear-flag>
+bound by default to âwâ and âWâ respectively.
+
+Furthermore, the flags in Table 2.6, âMessage recipient flagsâ reflect +who the message is addressed to. They can be customized with the +$to_chars variable. +
Table 2.5. Message status flags
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| D | message is deleted (is marked for deletion) |
| d | message has attachments marked for deletion |
| K | contains a PGP public key |
| N | message is new |
| O | message is old |
| P | message is PGP encrypted |
| r | message has been replied to |
| S | message is signed, and the signature is successfully verified |
| s | message is signed |
| ! | message is flagged |
| * | message is tagged |
Table 2.6. Message recipient flags
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| + | message is to you and you only |
| T | message is to you, but also to or cc'ed to others |
| C | message is cc'ed to you |
| F | message is from you |
| L | message is sent to a subscribed mailing list |
+By default, Mutt uses its builtin pager to display the contents of
+messages (an external pager such as less(1) can be
+configured, see $pager variable).
+The pager is very similar to the Unix program less(1)
+though not nearly as featureful.
+
Table 2.7. Most common pager keys
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| <Return> | go down one line |
| <Space> | display the next page (or next message if at the end of a message) |
| - | go back to the previous page |
| n | search for next match |
| S | skip beyond quoted text |
| T | toggle display of quoted text |
| ? | show keybindings |
| / | regular expression search |
| Esc / | backward regular expression search |
| \ | toggle highlighting of search matches |
| ^ | jump to the top of the message |
+In addition to key bindings in Table 2.7, âMost common pager keysâ,
+many of the functions from the index menu are also available in
+the pager, such as <delete-message> or <copy-message>
+(this is one advantage over using an external pager to view messages).
Also, the internal pager supports a couple other advanced features. For -one, it will accept and translate the ``standard'' nroff sequences for +one, it will accept and translate the âstandardâ nroff sequences for bold and underline. These sequences are a series of either the letter, -backspace (^H), the letter again for bold or the letter, backspace, -``_'' for denoting underline. Mutt will attempt to display these +backspace (â^Hâ), the letter again for bold or the letter, backspace, +â_â for denoting underline. Mutt will attempt to display these in bold and underline respectively if your terminal supports them. If -not, you can use the bold and underline color -objects to specify a color or mono attribute for them. +not, you can use the bold and underline color +objects to specify a color or mono attribute for them.
Additionally, the internal pager supports the ANSI escape sequences for character attributes. Mutt translates them into the correct color and -character settings. The sequences Mutt supports are -'\e[Ps;Ps;..Ps;m' +character settings. The sequences Mutt supports are: +
+\e[Ps;Ps;..Ps;m +
where Ps can be one of the codes shown in -Table 2.5, âANSI escape sequencesâ. -
Table 2.5. ANSI escape sequences
| Escape code | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | All Attributes Off |
| 1 | Bold on |
| 4 | Underline on |
| 5 | Blink on |
| 7 | Reverse video on |
| 3<color> | Foreground color is <color> (see Table 2.6, âColor sequencesâ) |
| 4<color> | Background color is <color> (see Table 2.6, âColor sequencesâ) |
-Mutt uses these attributes for handling text/enriched messages, and they -can also be used by an external autoview -script for highlighting purposes. Note: If you change the colors for your +Table 2.8, âANSI escape sequencesâ. +
Table 2.8. ANSI escape sequences
| Escape code | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | All attributes off |
| 1 | Bold on |
| 4 | Underline on |
| 5 | Blink on |
| 7 | Reverse video on |
| 3<color> | Foreground color is <color> (see Table 2.9, âColor sequencesâ) |
| 4<color> | Background color is <color> (see Table 2.9, âColor sequencesâ) |
+Mutt uses these attributes for handling text/enriched
+messages, and they can also be used by an external
+autoview script for highlighting
+purposes.
+
+If you change the colors for your display, for example by changing the color associated with color2 for your xterm, then that color will be used instead of green. -
-When the mailbox is sorted by threads, there are -a few additional functions available in the index and pager modes -as shown in Table 2.7, âMost common thread mode keysâ. -
- -
Table 2.7. Most common thread mode keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ^D | delete-thread | delete all messages in the current thread |
| ^U | undelete-thread | undelete all messages in the current thread |
| ^N | next-thread | jump to the start of the next thread |
| ^P | previous-thread | jump to the start of the previous thread |
| ^R | read-thread | mark the current thread as read |
| ESC d | delete-subthread | delete all messages in the current subthread |
| ESC u | undelete-subthread | undelete all messages in the current subthread |
| ESC n | next-subthread | jump to the start of the next subthread |
| ESC p | previous-subthread | jump to the start of the previous subthread |
| ESC r | read-subthread | mark the current subthread as read |
| ESC t | tag-thread | toggle the tag on the current thread |
| ESC v | collapse-thread | toggle collapse for the current thread |
| ESC V | collapse-all | toggle collapse for all threads |
| P | parent-message | jump to parent message in thread |
-
-
-Note: Collapsing a thread displays only the first message +
+Note that the search commands in the pager take regular expressions, +which are not quite the same as the more +complex patterns used by the search +command in the index. This is because patterns are used to select messages by +criteria whereas the pager already displays a selected message. +
+So-called âthreadsâ provide a hierarchy of messages where +replies are linked to their parent message(s). This organizational form +is extremely useful in mailing lists where different parts of the +discussion diverge. Mutt displays threads as a tree structure. +
+In Mutt, when a mailbox is sorted +by threads, there are a few additional functions +available in the index +and pager modes as shown in +Table 2.10, âMost common thread mode keysâ. +
Table 2.10. Most common thread mode keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ^D | <delete-thread> | delete all messages in the current thread |
| ^U | <undelete-thread> | undelete all messages in the current thread |
| ^N | <next-thread> | jump to the start of the next thread |
| ^P | <previous-thread> | jump to the start of the previous thread |
| ^R | <read-thread> | mark the current thread as read |
| Esc d | <delete-subthread> | delete all messages in the current subthread |
| Esc u | <undelete-subthread> | undelete all messages in the current subthread |
| Esc n | <next-subthread> | jump to the start of the next subthread |
| Esc p | <previous-subthread> | jump to the start of the previous subthread |
| Esc r | <read-subthread> | mark the current subthread as read |
| Esc t | <tag-thread> | toggle the tag on the current thread |
| Esc v | <collapse-thread> | toggle collapse for the current thread |
| Esc V | <collapse-all> | toggle collapse for all threads |
| P | <parent-message> | jump to parent message in thread |
+Collapsing a thread displays only the first message in the thread and hides the others. This is useful when threads contain so many messages that you can only see a handful of threads on -the screen. See %M in $index_format. -For example, you could use "%?M?(#%03M)&(%4l)?" in $index_format to optionally -display the number of hidden messages if the thread is collapsed. -
-See also: $strict_threads. -
-create-alias (default: a) - -
+the screen. See %M in $index_format.
+For example, you could use â%?M?(#%03M)&(%4l)?â in $index_format to optionally
+display the number of hidden messages if the thread is
+collapsed. The %?<char>?<if-part>&<else-part>?
+syntax is explained in detail in
+format string conditionals.
+
+Technically, every reply should contain a list of its parent messages in +the thread tree, but not all do. In these cases, Mutt groups them by +subject which can be controlled using the +$strict_threads variable. +
+In addition, the index and pager +menus have these interesting functions: +
<create-alias> (default: a)
+Creates a new alias based upon the current message (or prompts for a -new one). Once editing is complete, an alias -command is added to the file specified by the $alias_file variable for future use. Note: -Specifying an $alias_file -does not add the aliases specified there-in, you must also source the file. -
-check-traditional-pgp (default: ESC P) - -
+new one). Once editing is complete, an alias +command is added to the file specified by +the $alias_file variable +for future use +
+Mutt does not read the $alias_file +upon startup so you must explicitly source the file. +
<check-traditional-pgp> (default: Esc P)
+
This function will search the current message for content signed or
-encrypted with PGP the "traditional" way, that is, without proper
+encrypted with PGP the âtraditionalâ way, that is, without proper
MIME tagging. Technically, this function will temporarily change
the MIME content types of the body parts containing PGP data; this
-is similar to the edit-type function's
+is similar to the <edit-type> function's
effect.
-
-display-toggle-weed (default: h) - -
-Toggles the weeding of message header fields specified by ignore commands. -
-This command (available in the ``index'' and ``pager'') allows you to +
<edit> (default: e)
++This command (available in the index and pager) allows you to edit the raw current message as it's present in the mail folder. After you have finished editing, the changed message will be appended to the current folder, and the original message will be -marked for deletion. -
-edit-type - -(default: ^E on the attachment menu, and in the pager and index menus; ^T on the -compose menu) -
+marked for deletion; if the message is unchanged it won't be replaced. +
<edit-type> (default:
+^E on the attachment menu, and in the pager and index menus;
+^T on the compose menu)
+This command is used to temporarily edit an attachment's content type to fix, for instance, bogus character set parameters. When invoked from the index or from the pager, you'll have the opportunity to edit the top-level attachment's content type. On the -attachment menu, you can change any +attachment menu, you can change any attachment's content type. These changes are not persistent, and get lost upon changing folders.
-Note that this command is also available on the compose +Note that this command is also available on the compose menu. There, it's used to fine-tune the properties of attachments you are going to send. -
-enter-command (default: ``:'') - -
+
<enter-command> (default: â:â)
+This command is used to execute any command you would normally put in a configuration file. A common use is to check the settings of variables, or -in conjunction with macros to change settings on the +in conjunction with macros to change settings on the fly. -
-extract-keys (default: ^K) - -
+
<extract-keys> (default: ^K)
+This command extracts PGP public keys from the current or tagged message(s) and adds them to your PGP public key ring. -
<forget-passphrase> (default:
^F)
-
-+
This command wipes the passphrase(s) from memory. It is useful, if you misspelled the passphrase. -
+
<list-reply> (default: L)
+
Reply to the current or tagged message(s) by extracting any addresses which
-match the regular expressions given by the lists or subscribe
+match the regular expressions given by the lists or subscribe
commands, but also honor any Mail-Followup-To header(s) if the
-$honor_followup_to
+$honor_followup_to
configuration variable is set. Using this when replying to messages posted
to mailing lists helps avoid duplicate copies being sent to the author of
the message you are replying to.
-
-pipe-message (default: |) - -
+
<pipe-message> (default: |)
+Asks for an external Unix command and pipes the current or -tagged message(s) to it. The variables $pipe_decode, $pipe_split, -$pipe_sep and $wait_key control the exact behavior of this function. -
-resend-message (default: ESC e) - -
-With resend-message, mutt takes the current message as a template for a +tagged message(s) to it. The variables $pipe_decode, $pipe_split, +$pipe_sep and $wait_key control the exact behavior of this function. +
<resend-message> (default: Esc e)
++Mutt takes the current message as a template for a new message. This function is best described as "recall from arbitrary folders". It can conveniently be used to forward MIME messages while preserving the original mail structure. Note that the amount of headers -included here depends on the value of the $weed +included here depends on the value of the $weed variable.
This function is also available from the attachment menu. You can use this to easily resend a message which was included with a bounce message -as a message/rfc822 body part. -
-shell-escape (default: !) - -
-Asks for an external Unix command and executes it. The $wait_key can be used to control
+as a message/rfc822 body part.
+
<shell-escape> (default: !)
++Asks for an external Unix command and executes it. The $wait_key can be used to control whether Mutt will wait for a key to be pressed when the command returns (presumably to let the user read the output of the command), based on -the return status of the named command. -
-toggle-quoted (default: T) - -
-The pager uses the $quote_regexp variable to detect quoted text when +the return status of the named command. If no command is given, an +interactive shell is executed. +
<toggle-quoted> (default: T)
++The pager uses the $quote_regexp variable to detect quoted text when displaying the body of the message. This function toggles the display of the quoted material in the message. It is particularly useful when -are interested in just the response and there is a large amount of +being interested in just the response and there is a large amount of quoted text in the way. -
-This function will go to the next line of non-quoted text which come +
<skip-quoted> (default: S)
++This function will go to the next line of non-quoted text which comes after a line of quoted text in the internal pager. -
-The bindings shown in Table 2.8, âMost common mail sending keysâ are available in the -index for sending messages. -
- -
Table 2.8. Most common mail sending keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| m | compose | compose a new message |
| r | reply | reply to sender |
| g | group-reply | reply to all recipients |
| L | list-reply | reply to mailing list address |
| f | forward | forward message |
| b | bounce | bounce (remail) message |
| ESC k | mail-key | mail a PGP public key to someone |
-
-
-Bouncing a message sends the message as is to the recipient you -specify. Forwarding a message allows you to add comments or +
+The bindings shown in Table 2.11, âMost common mail sending keysâ are available in the +index and pager to start a new message. +
Table 2.11. Most common mail sending keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| m | <compose> | compose a new message |
| r | <reply> | reply to sender |
| g | <group-reply> | reply to all recipients |
| L | <list-reply> | reply to mailing list address |
| f | <forward> | forward message |
| b | <bounce> | bounce (remail) message |
| Esc k | <mail-key> | mail a PGP public key to someone |
+Bouncing a message sends the message as-is to the recipient you +specify. Forwarding a message allows you to add comments or modify the message you are forwarding. These items are discussed -in greater detail in the next chapter ``Forwarding -and Bouncing Mail.'' +in greater detail in the next section âForwarding +and Bouncing Mail.â
Mutt will then enter the compose menu and prompt you for the -recipients to place on the ``To:'' header field. Next, it will ask -you for the ``Subject:'' field for the message, providing a default if -you are replying to or forwarding a message. See also -$askcc, -$askbcc, -$autoedit, -$bounce, -$fast_reply, -and $include -for changing how Mutt asks these questions. -
-Mutt will then automatically start your $editor on the message body. If the $edit_headers variable is set, the headers will be at
-the top of the message in your editor. Any messages you are replying
-to will be added in sort order to the message, with appropriate $attribution, $indent_string and $post_indent_string. When forwarding a
-message, if the $mime_forward
-variable is unset, a copy of the forwarded message will be included. If
-you have specified a $signature, it
-will be appended to the message.
+recipients to place on the âTo:â header field when you hit m to start a new message. Next, it will ask
+you for the âSubject:â field for the message, providing a default if
+you are replying to or forwarding a message. You again
+have the chance to adjust recipients, subject, and security settings
+right before actually sending the message. See also
+$askcc,
+$askbcc,
+$autoedit,
+$bounce,
+$fast_reply,
+and $include
+for changing how and if Mutt asks these questions.
+
+When replying, Mutt fills these fields with proper values depending on +the reply type. The types of replying supported are: +
+Reply to the author directly. +
+Reply to the author as well to all recipients except you; this consults +alternates. +
+Reply to all mailing list addresses found, either specified via +configuration or auto-detected. See Section 12, âMailing Listsâ for +details. +
+After getting recipients for new messages, forwards or replies, Mutt +will then automatically start your $editor on the message body. If the $edit_headers variable is +set, the headers will be at the top of the message in your editor. Any +messages you are replying to will be added in sort order to the message, +with appropriate $attribution, +$indent_string and +$post_indent_string. +When forwarding a message, if the $mime_forward variable is +unset, a copy of the forwarded message will be included. If you have +specified a $signature, it will +be appended to the message.
Once you have finished editing the body of your mail message, you are returned to the compose menu providing the functions -show in Table 2.9, âMost common compose menu keysâ. -
- -
Table 2.9. Most common compose menu keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a | attach-file | attach a file |
| A | attach-message | attach message(s) to the message |
| ESC k | attach-key | attach a PGP public key |
| d | edit-description | edit description on attachment |
| D | detach-file | detach a file |
| t | edit-to | edit the To field |
| ESC f | edit-from | edit the From field |
| r | edit-reply-to | edit the Reply-To field |
| c | edit-cc | edit the Cc field |
| b | edit-bcc | edit the Bcc field |
| y | send-message | send the message |
| s | edit-subject | edit the Subject |
| S | smime-menu | select S/MIME options |
| f | edit-fcc | specify an ``Fcc'' mailbox |
| p | pgp-menu | select PGP options |
| P | postpone-message | postpone this message until later |
| q | quit | quit (abort) sending the message |
| w | write-fcc | write the message to a folder |
| i | ispell | check spelling (if available on your system) |
| ^F | forget-passphrase | wipe passphrase(s) from memory |
-
-
-Note: The attach-message function will prompt you for a folder to +shown in Table 2.12, âMost common compose menu keysâ to modify, send or postpone the +message. +
Table 2.12. Most common compose menu keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a | <attach-file> | attach a file |
| A | <attach-message> | attach message(s) to the message |
| Esc k | <attach-key> | attach a PGP public key |
| d | <edit-description> | edit description on attachment |
| D | <detach-file> | detach a file |
| t | <edit-to> | edit the To field |
| Esc f | <edit-from> | edit the From field |
| r | <edit-reply-to> | edit the Reply-To field |
| c | <edit-cc> | edit the Cc field |
| b | <edit-bcc> | edit the Bcc field |
| y | <send-message> | send the message |
| s | <edit-subject> | edit the Subject |
| S | <smime-menu> | select S/MIME options |
| f | <edit-fcc> | specify an âFccâ mailbox |
| p | <pgp-menu> | select PGP options |
| P | <postpone-message> | postpone this message until later |
| q | <quit> | quit (abort) sending the message |
| w | <write-fcc> | write the message to a folder |
| i | <ispell> | check spelling (if available on your system) |
| ^F | <forget-passphrase> | wipe passphrase(s) from memory |
+The compose menu is also used to edit the attachments for a message which can be either files
+or other messages. The <attach-message> function to will prompt you for a folder to
attach messages from. You can now tag messages in that folder and they
-will be attached to the message you are sending. Note that certain
+will be attached to the message you are sending.
+
+Note that certain operations like composing a new mail, replying, forwarding, etc. are -not permitted when you are in that folder. The %r in $status_format will change to -a 'A' to indicate that you are in attach-message mode. -
-When editing the header of your outgoing message, there are a couple of -special features available. -
+not permitted when you are in that folder. The %r in +$status_format will change to +a âAâ to indicate that you are in attach-message mode. +
+When editing the header because of $edit_headers +being set, there are a several pseudo headers available which +will not be included in sent messages but trigger special Mutt behavior. +
If you specify - +
Fcc: filename
-
-Mutt will pick up filename
-just as if you had used the edit-fcc function in the compose menu.
+as a header, Mutt will pick up filename
+just as if you had used the <edit-fcc> function in the compose menu.
+It can later be changed from the compose menu.
+
You can also attach files to your message by specifying
-
-Attach: filename [ description ]
-
-where filename is the file to attach and description is an
-optional string to use as the description of the attached file.
-
-When replying to messages, if you remove the In-Reply-To: field from -the header field, Mutt will not generate a References: field, which -allows you to create a new message thread. -
-Also see $edit_headers. -
-If you want to use PGP, you can specify -
-Pgp: [ E | S | S<id> ]
-
-``E'' encrypts, ``S'' signs and
-``S<id>'' signs with the given key, setting $pgp_sign_as permanently.
+Attach: filename
+[ description ]
-If you have told mutt to PGP encrypt a message, it will guide you +where filename is the file to attach and description is an +optional string to use as the description of the attached file. Spaces +in filenames have to be escaped using backslash (â\â). +The file can be removed as well as more added from the compose menu. +
+If you want to use PGP, you can specify +
+Pgp: [ E | S | S<id> ]
+
+
+âEâ selects encryption, âSâ selects signing and +âS<id>â selects signing with the given key, setting +$pgp_sign_as +permanently. The selection can later be changed in the compose menu. +
+When replying to messages, the In-Reply-To: header contains the +Message-Id of the message(s) you reply to. If you remove or modify its value, Mutt will not generate a +References: field, which allows you to create a new message thread, for example +to create a new message to a mailing list without having to enter the mailing list's address. +
+If you have told Mutt to PGP or S/MIME encrypt a message, it will guide you through a key selection process when you try to send the message. Mutt will not ask you any questions about keys which have a certified user ID matching one of the message recipients' mail @@ -390,111 +505,73 @@ several keys, weakly certified user ID fields, or where no matching keys can be found.
In these cases, you are dropped into a menu with a list of keys from
-which you can select one. When you quit this menu, or mutt can't
+which you can select one. When you quit this menu, or Mutt can't
find any matching keys, you are prompted for a user ID. You can, as
-usually, abort this prompt using ^G. When you do so, mutt will
+usually, abort this prompt using ^G. When you do so, Mutt will
return to the compose screen.
Once you have successfully finished the key selection, the message -will be encrypted using the selected public keys, and sent out. +will be encrypted using the selected public keys when sent out.
-Most fields of the entries in the key selection menu (see also $pgp_entry_format) -have obvious meanings. But some explanations on the capabilities, flags, +Most fields of the entries in the key selection menu (see also $pgp_entry_format) +have obvious meanings. But some explanations on the capabilities, flags, and validity fields are in order.
-The flags sequence (%f) will expand to one of the flags in -Table 2.10, âPGP key menu flagsâ. - -
Table 2.10. PGP key menu flags
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| R | The key has been revoked and can't be used. |
| X | The key is expired and can't be used. |
| d | You have marked the key as disabled. |
| c | There are unknown critical self-signature packets. |
-
-
-The capabilities field (%c) expands to a two-character sequence +The flags sequence (â%fâ) will expand to one of the flags in +Table 2.13, âPGP key menu flagsâ. +
Table 2.13. PGP key menu flags
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| R | The key has been revoked and can't be used. |
| X | The key is expired and can't be used. |
| d | You have marked the key as disabled. |
| c | There are unknown critical self-signature packets. |
+The capabilities field (â%câ) expands to a two-character sequence representing a key's capabilities. The first character gives -the key's encryption capabilities: A minus sign (-) means -that the key cannot be used for encryption. A dot (.) means that -it's marked as a signature key in one of the user IDs, but may -also be used for encryption. The letter e indicates that +the key's encryption capabilities: A minus sign (â-â) means +that the key cannot be used for encryption. A dot (â.â) means that +it's marked as a signature key in one of the user IDs, but may +also be used for encryption. The letter âeâ indicates that this key can be used for encryption.
-The second character indicates the key's signing capabilities. Once -again, a ``-'' implies ``not for signing'', ``.'' implies +The second character indicates the key's signing capabilities. Once +again, a â-â implies ânot for signingâ, â.â implies that the key is marked as an encryption key in one of the user-ids, and -``s'' denotes a key which can be used for signing. +âsâ denotes a key which can be used for signing.
-Finally, the validity field (%t) indicates how well-certified a user-id -is. A question mark (?) indicates undefined validity, a minus -character (-) marks an untrusted association, a space character -means a partially trusted association, and a plus character (+) +Finally, the validity field (â%tâ) indicates how well-certified a user-id +is. A question mark (â?â) indicates undefined validity, a minus +character (â-â) marks an untrusted association, a space character +means a partially trusted association, and a plus character (â+â) indicates complete validity. -
-You may also have configured mutt to co-operate with Mixmaster, an -anonymous remailer. Mixmaster permits you to send your messages -anonymously using a chain of remailers. Mixmaster support in mutt is for -mixmaster version 2.04 (beta 45 appears to be the latest) and 2.03. -It does not support earlier versions or the later so-called version 3 betas, -of which the latest appears to be called 2.9b23. -
-To use it, you'll have to obey certain restrictions. Most
-important, you cannot use the Cc and Bcc headers. To tell
-Mutt to use mixmaster, you have to select a remailer chain, using
-the mix function on the compose menu.
-
-The chain selection screen is divided into two parts. In the -(larger) upper part, you get a list of remailers you may use. In -the lower part, you see the currently selected chain of remailers. -
-You can navigate in the chain using the chain-prev and
-chain-next functions, which are by default bound to the left
-and right arrows and to the h and l keys (think vi
-keyboard bindings). To insert a remailer at the current chain
-position, use the insert function. To append a remailer behind
-the current chain position, use select-entry or append.
-You can also delete entries from the chain, using the corresponding
-function. Finally, to abandon your changes, leave the menu, or
-accept them pressing (by default) the Return key.
-
-Note that different remailers do have different capabilities, -indicated in the %c entry of the remailer menu lines (see -$mix_entry_format). Most important is -the ``middleman'' capability, indicated by a capital ``M'': This -means that the remailer in question cannot be used as the final -element of a chain, but will only forward messages to other -mixmaster remailers. For details on the other capabilities, please -have a look at the mixmaster documentation. -
format=flowed-style messages (or f=f
for short) are text/plain messages that consist of paragraphs which a receiver's
mail client may reformat to its own needs which mostly means to
customize line lengths regardless of what the sender sent. Technically this is
-achieved by letting lines of a ``flowable'' paragraph end in spaces.
+achieved by letting lines of a âflowableâ paragraph end in spaces
+except for the last line.
-While for text-mode clients like mutt it's the best way to assume only a +While for text-mode clients like Mutt it's the best way to assume only a standard 80x25 character cell terminal, it may be desired to let the receiver decide completely how to view a message. -
Mutt only supports setting the required format=flowed
-MIME parameter on outgoing messages if the $text_flowed variable is set. It does not add the
-trailing spaces nor does it provide any other feature related to
-composing f=f messages (like reformatting
-non-f=f parts of a reply to f=f
-before calling the editor).
+MIME parameter on outgoing messages if the $text_flowed
+variable is set, specifically it does not add the
+trailing spaces.
After editing the initial message text and before entering
-the compose menu, mutt properly space-stuffes the message.
+the compose menu, Mutt properly space-stuffes the message.
Space-stuffing is required by RfC3676 defining
format=flowed and means to prepend a space to:
-
all lines starting with a space
lines starting with the word ``From''
-followed by space
all lines starting with ``>'' which
-is not intended to be a quote character
-All leading spaces are to be removed by receiving clients to restore -the original message. -
-Note that mutt only support space-stuffing +
all lines starting with a space
lines starting with the word âFromâ
+followed by space
all lines starting with â>â which
+is not intended to be a quote character
+Mutt only supports space-stuffing
for the first two types of lines but not for the third: It is impossible to
safely detect whether a leading > character starts a
-quote or not.
-
-As mutt provides no additional features to compose f=f
+quote or not. Furthermore, Mutt only applies space-stuffing
+once after the initial edit is finished.
+
+All leading spaces are to be removed by receiving clients to restore +the original message prior to further processing. +
+As Mutt provides no additional features to compose f=f
messages, it's completely up to the user and his editor to produce
proper messages. Please consider your editor's documentation if you
intend to send f=f messages.
@@ -507,49 +584,48 @@ For example, vim provides the formatoptions setting to assist in
creating f=f messages, see :help
fo-table for details.
-
Bouncing and forwarding let you send an existing message to recipients -that you specify. Bouncing a message uses the $sendmail command to send a copy to alternative addresses as if -they were the message's original recipients. Forwarding a message, on -the other hand, allows you to modify the message before it is resent -(for example, by adding your own comments). The default key bindings -are shown in Table 2.11, âMessage forwarding/bouncing keysâ. -
- -
Table 2.11. Message forwarding/bouncing keys
| Key | Function | Description |
|---|---|---|
| f | forward | forward message |
| b | bounce | bounce (remail) message |
-
+that you specify. Bouncing a message sends a verbatim copy of a message
+to alternative addresses as if they were the message's original
+recipients specified in the Bcc header.
+Forwarding a message, on the other hand, allows you to modify the message
+before it is resent (for example, by adding your own comments). Bouncing
+is done using the <bounce> function and forwarding
+using the <forward> function bound to âbâ and âfâ
+respectively.
Forwarding can be done by including the original message in the new message's body (surrounded by indicating lines) or including it as a MIME -attachment, depending on the value of the $mime_forward variable. Decoding of attachments, -like in the pager, can be controlled by the $forward_decode and $mime_forward_decode variables, +attachment, depending on the value of the $mime_forward variable. Decoding of attachments, +like in the pager, can be controlled by the $forward_decode and $mime_forward_decode variables, respectively. The desired forwarding format may depend on the content, -therefore $mime_forward is a quadoption which, for -example, can be set to ``ask-no''. +therefore $mime_forward is a quadoption which, for +example, can be set to âask-noâ.
The inclusion of headers is controlled by the current setting of the -$weed variable, unless $mime_forward is set. +$weed variable, unless $mime_forward is set.
Editing the message to forward follows the same procedure as sending or replying to a message does. -
At times it is desirable to delay sending a message that you have
-already begun to compose. When the postpone-message function is
+already begun to compose. When the <postpone-message> function is
used in the compose menu, the body of your message and attachments
-are stored in the mailbox specified by the $postponed variable. This means that you can recall the
+are stored in the mailbox specified by the $postponed variable. This means that you can recall the
message even if you exit Mutt and then restart it at a later time.
Once a message is postponed, there are several ways to resume it. From the -command line you can use the ``-p'' option, or if you compose a new +command line you can use the â-pâ option, or if you compose a new message from the index or pager you will be prompted if postponed messages exist. If multiple messages are currently postponed, the postponed menu will pop up and you can select which message you would like to resume. -
-Note: If you postpone a reply to a message, the reply setting of +
+If you postpone a reply to a message, the reply setting of the message is only updated when you actually finish the message and send it. Also, you must be in the same folder with the message you replied to for the status of the message to be updated. -
-See also the $postpone quad-option. +
+See also the $postpone quad-option.