Table of Contents
+
Table of Contents
Mutt supports several of optional features which can be enabled or
disabled at compile-time by giving the configure script
certain arguments. These are listed in the âOptional featuresâ section of
@@ -30,42 +34,42 @@ the configure --help output.
Which features are enabled or disabled can later be determined from the
output of mutt -v. If a compile option starts with
â+â it is enabled and disabled if prefixed with â-â. For example, if
-mutt was compiled using GnuTLS for encrypted communication instead of
+Mutt was compiled using GnuTLS for encrypted communication instead of
OpenSSL, mutt -v would contain:
--USE_SSL_OPENSSL +USE_SSL_GNUTLS
Mutt optionally supports the IMAP, POP3 and SMTP protocols which require
to access servers using URLs. The canonical syntax for specifying URLs
-in mutt is (an item enclosed in [] means it is optional and
+in Mutt is (an item enclosed in [] means it is optional and
may be omitted):
proto[s]://[username[:password]@]server[:port]/[path]
-proto is the communication protocol:
+proto is the communication protocol:
imap for IMAP, pop for POP3 and
-smtp for SMTP. If âsâ for âsecure communicationâ
-is appended, mutt will attempt to establish an encrypted communication
-using SSL or TLS. If no explicit port is given, mutt will use the
-system's default for the given protocol.
+smtp for SMTP. If âsâ for âsecure
+communicationâ is appended, Mutt will attempt to establish an
+encrypted communication using SSL or TLS.
-Since all protocols by mutt support authentication, the username may be
-given directly in the URL instead of using the pop_user or
-imap_user variables. It may contain the â@â symbol
-being used by many mail systems as part of the login name. A password can be
-given, too but is not recommended if the URL is specified in a configuration
-file on disk.
+Since all protocols supported by Mutt support/require authentication,
+login credentials may be specified in the URL. This has the advantage
+that multiple IMAP, POP3 or SMTP servers may be specified (which isn't
+possible using, for example,
+$imap_user). The username
+may contain the â@â symbol being used by many mail systems
+as part of the login name. A password can be given, too but is not
+recommended if the URL is specified in a configuration file on disk.
-The optional path is only relevant for IMAP.
+If no port number is given, Mutt will use the system's default for the
+given protocol (usually consulting /etc/services).
-For IMAP for example, you can select an alternative port by specifying it with the
-server: imap://imapserver:port/INBOX. You can also specify different
-username for each folder: imap://username@imapserver[:port]/INBOX
-or imap://username2@imapserver[:port]/path/to/folder.
-Replacing imap:// by imaps://
-would make mutt attempt to connect using SSL or TLS on a different port
-to encrypt the communication.
-
+If Mutt is compiled with IMAP, POP3 and/or SMTP support, it can also be compiled with support for SSL or TLS using either OpenSSL or GnuTLS ( by running the configure script with the --enable-ssl=... option for OpenSSL or @@ -73,36 +77,45 @@ by running the configure script with the attempt to encrypt communication with remote servers if these protocols are suffixed with âsâ for âsecure communicationâ.
-If Mutt was compiled with POP3 support (by running the configure +If Mutt is compiled with POP3 support (by running the configure script with the --enable-pop flag), it has the ability to work with mailboxes located on a remote POP3 server and fetch mail for local browsing.
Remote POP3 servers can be accessed using URLs with the pop protocol
for unencrypted and pops for encrypted
-communication, see Section 1.2, âURL syntaxâ for details.
+communication, see Section 1.2, âURL Syntaxâ for details.
Polling for new mail is more expensive over POP3 than locally. For this reason the frequency at which Mutt will check for mail remotely can be controlled by the -$pop_checkinterval +$pop_checkinterval variable, which defaults to every 60 seconds. +
+POP is read-only which doesn't allow for some features like editing +messages or changing flags. However, using +Section 7.1, âHeader Cachingâ and Section 7.2, âBody Cachingâ +Mutt simulates the new/old/read flags as well as flagged and replied. +Mutt applies some logic on top of remote messages but cannot change +them so that modifications of flags are lost when +messages are downloaded from the POP server (either by Mutt or other +tools).
-Another way to access your POP3 mail is the <fetch-mail$ function
-(default: G). It allows to connect to $pop_host, fetch all your new mail and place it in the
-local $spoolfile. After this
+Another way to access your POP3 mail is the <fetch-mail> function
+(default: G). It allows to connect to $pop_host, fetch all your new mail and place it in the
+local $spoolfile. After this
point, Mutt runs exactly as if the mail had always been local.
If you only need to fetch all messages to a
local mailbox you should consider using a specialized program, such as
-fetchmail, getmail or similar.
+fetchmail(1), getmail(1) or similar.
If Mutt was compiled with IMAP support (by running the configure script with the --enable-imap flag), it has the ability to work with folders located on a remote IMAP server.
You can access the remote inbox by selecting the folder by its URL
-(see Section 1.2, âURL syntaxâ for details) using the
+(see Section 1.2, âURL Syntaxâ for details) using the
imap or imaps protocol.
Alternatively, a pine-compatible notation is also supported, ie
{[username@]imapserver[:port][/ssl]}path/to/folder
@@ -114,30 +127,30 @@ paths accordingly.
When browsing folders on an IMAP server, you can toggle whether to look
at only the folders you are subscribed to, or all folders with the
toggle-subscribed command. See also the
-$imap_list_subscribed variable.
+$imap_list_subscribed variable.
Polling for new mail on an IMAP server can cause noticeable delays. So, you'll want to carefully tune the -$mail_check +$mail_check and -$timeout -variables. Personally I use +$timeout +variables. Reasonable values are:
set mail_check=90 set timeout=15
-with relatively good results over my slow modem line. +with relatively good results even over slow modem lines.
Note that if you are using mbox as the mail store on UW servers prior to v12.250, the server has been reported to disconnect a client if another client selects the same folder. -
+As of version 1.2, Mutt supports browsing mailboxes on an IMAP server. This is mostly the same as the local file browser, with the following differences:
-In lieu of file permissions, mutt displays the string "IMAP",
-possibly followed by the symbol "+", indicating
+In lieu of file permissions, Mutt displays the string âIMAPâ,
+possibly followed by the symbol â+â, indicating
that the entry contains both messages and subfolders. On
Cyrus-like servers folders will often contain both messages and
subfolders.
@@ -149,10 +162,10 @@ the messages in that folder, you must use view-file
(bound to space by default).
You can create, delete and rename mailboxes with the
-create-mailbox, delete-mailbox, and
-rename-mailbox commands (default bindings: C,
+<create-mailbox>, <delete-mailbox>, and
+<rename-mailbox> commands (default bindings: C,
d and r, respectively). You may also
-subscribe and unsubscribe to mailboxes (normally
+<subscribe> and <unsubscribe> to mailboxes (normally
these are bound to s and u, respectively).
Mutt supports four authentication methods with IMAP servers: SASL, @@ -161,7 +174,7 @@ NTLM authentication for you poor exchange users out there, but it has yet to be integrated into the main tree). There is also support for the pseudo-protocol ANONYMOUS, which allows you to log in to a public IMAP server without having an account. To use ANONYMOUS, simply make -your username blank or "anonymous". +your username blank or âanonymousâ.
SASL is a special super-authenticator, which selects among several protocols (including GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, ANONYMOUS, and DIGEST-MD5) the most secure @@ -169,56 +182,62 @@ method available on your host and the server. Using some of these methods (including DIGEST-MD5 and possibly GSSAPI), your entire session will be encrypted and invisible to those teeming network snoops. It is the best option if you have it. To use it, you must have the Cyrus SASL library -installed on your system and compile mutt with the --with-sasl flag. +installed on your system and compile Mutt with the --with-sasl flag.
Mutt will try whichever methods are compiled in and available on the server, in the following order: SASL, ANONYMOUS, GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, LOGIN.
There are a few variables which control authentication:
-$imap_user - controls
+$imap_user - controls
the username under which you request authentication on the IMAP server,
for all authenticators. This is overridden by an explicit username in
the mailbox path (ie by using a mailbox name of the form
{user@host}).
-$imap_pass - a +$imap_pass - a password which you may preset, used by all authentication methods where a password is needed.
-$imap_authenticators - a colon-delimited list of IMAP +$imap_authenticators - a colon-delimited list of IMAP authentication methods to try, in the order you wish to try them. If -specified, this overrides mutt's default (attempt everything, in the order +specified, this overrides Mutt's default (attempt everything, in the order listed above).
Besides supporting traditional mail delivery through a
-sendmail-compatible program, mutt supports delivery through SMTP if it
+sendmail-compatible program, Mutt supports delivery through SMTP if it
was configured and built with --enable-smtp.
If the configuration variable -$smtp_url is set, mutt +$smtp_url is set, Mutt will contact the given SMTP server to deliver messages; if it is unset, -mutt will use the program specified by $sendmail. +Mutt will use the program specified by $sendmail.
-For details on the URL syntax, please see Section 1.2, âURL syntaxâ. +For details on the URL syntax, please see Section 1.2, âURL Syntaxâ.
The built-in SMTP support supports encryption (the smtps protocol
using SSL or TLS) as well as SMTP authentication using SASL. The authentication mechanisms
-for SASL are specified in $smtp_authenticators
-defaulting to an empty list which makes mutt try all available methods
+for SASL are specified in $smtp_authenticators
+defaulting to an empty list which makes Mutt try all available methods
from most-secure to least-secure.
-
+Usage: +
account-hook
+pattern
+
+command
+
If you happen to have accounts on multiple IMAP, POP and/or SMTP servers, you may find managing all the authentication settings inconvenient and -error-prone. The account-hook command may help. This hook works like -folder-hook but is invoked whenever you access a remote mailbox +error-prone. The account-hook command may help. This hook works like +folder-hook but is invoked whenever Mutt needs to access a remote mailbox (including inside the folder browser), not just when you open the -mailbox which includes (for example) polling for new mail, storing Fcc +mailbox. This includes (for example) polling for new mail, storing Fcc messages and saving messages to a folder. As a consequence, -account-hook should only be used to set connection-related settings such +account-hook should only be used to set connection-related settings such as passwords or tunnel commands but not settings such as sender address or name (because in general it should be considered unpredictable -which account-hook was last used). +which account-hook was last used).
Some examples:
@@ -226,15 +245,45 @@ account-hook . 'unset imap_user; unset imap_pass; unset tunnel' account-hook imap://host1/ 'set imap_user=me1 imap_pass=foo' account-hook imap://host2/ 'set tunnel="ssh host2 /usr/libexec/imapd"' account-hook smtp://user@host3/ 'set tunnel="ssh host3 /usr/libexec/smtpd"' -
+
+To manage multiple accounts with, for example, different values of +$record or sender addresses, +folder-hook +has to be be used together with +the mailboxes command. +
Example 6.2. Managing multiple accounts
+mailboxes imap://user@host1/INBOX +folder-hook imap://user@host1/ 'set folder=imap://host1/ ; set record=+INBOX/Sent' + +mailboxes imap://user@host2/INBOX +folder-hook imap://user@host2/ 'set folder=imap://host2/ ; set record=+INBOX/Sent' +
+In example +Example 6.2, âManaging multiple accountsâ the folders are defined using +mailboxes so Mutt polls them for new +mail. Each folder-hook triggers when +one mailbox below each IMAP account is opened and sets +$folder to the account's root +folder. Next, it sets $record to +the INBOX/Sent folder below the newly +set $folder. Please notice that the +value the â+â +mailbox shortcut refers to depends on +the current value +of $folder and therefore has to be set +separatedly per account. Setting other values +like $from +or $signature is analogous to setting +$record. +
Mutt contains two types of local caching: (1) the so-called âheader cachingâ and (2) the so-called âbody cachingâ which are both described in this section.
Header caching is optional as it depends on external libraries, body -caching is always enabled if mutt is compiled with POP and/or IMAP +caching is always enabled if Mutt is compiled with POP and/or IMAP support as these use it (body caching requires no external library). -
+
Mutt provides optional support for caching message headers for the following types of folders: IMAP, POP, Maildir and MH. Header caching greatly improves speed because for remote folders, headers @@ -247,63 +296,83 @@ Header caching can be enabled via the configure script and the by default because external database libraries are required: one of tokyocabinet, qdbm, gdbm or bdb must be present.
-If enabled, $header_cache can be +If enabled, $header_cache can be used to either point to a file or a directory. If set to point to a file, one database file for all folders will be used (which may result in lower performance), but one file per folder if it points to a directory. -
-For the one-file-per-folder case, database files for remote folders -will be named according to their URL while database files for local -folders will be named by the MD5 checksums of their path. These database -files may be safely removed if a system is short on space. You -can compute the name of the header cache file for a particular local folder -through a command like the following: -
-$ printf '%s' '/path/to/folder' | md5sum -
-The md5sum command may also be
-named md5, depending on your operating system.
-
Both cache methods can be combined using the same directory for storage (and for IMAP/POP even provide meaningful file names) which simplifies manual maintenance tasks.
-In addition to caching message headers only, mutt can also cache +In addition to caching message headers only, Mutt can also cache whole message bodies. This results in faster display of messages for POP and IMAP folders because messages usually have to be downloaded only once.
-For configuration, the variable $message_cachedir must point to a
-directory. There, mutt will create a hierarchy of subdirectories
+For configuration, the variable $message_cachedir must point to a
+directory. There, Mutt will create a hierarchy of subdirectories
named like: proto:user@hostname where
proto is either âpopâ or âimap.â Within
-there for each folder, mutt stores messages in single files (just
-like Maildir) so that with manual symlink creation these cache
-directories can be examined with mutt as read-only Maildir folders.
-
+there for each folder, Mutt stores messages in single files. All files can be removed as needed if the consumed disk space -becomes an issue as mutt will silently fetch missing items again. +becomes an issue as Mutt will silently fetch missing items again.
Mutt does not (yet) support maintenance features for header cache database files so that files have to be removed in case they grow too big. It depends on the database library used for header caching whether disk space freed by removing messages is re-used.
-For body caches, mutt can keep the local cache in sync with the +For body caches, Mutt can keep the local cache in sync with the remote mailbox if the -$message_cache_clean +$message_cache_clean variable is set. Cleaning means to remove messages from the cache which are no longer present in the mailbox which only happens when other mail -clients or instances of mutt using a different body cache location +clients or instances of Mutt using a different body cache location delete messages (Mutt itself removes deleted messages from the cache when syncing a mailbox). As cleaning can take a noticeable amount of time, it should not be set in general but only occasionally. -
Mutt supports the âName <user@host>â address syntax for reading and
writing messages, the older âuser@host (Name)â syntax is only supported when
reading messages. The --enable-exact-address
switch can be given to configure to build it with write-support
for the latter syntax. EXACT_ADDRESS in the output of
mutt -v indicates whether it's supported.
-
+You may also have compiled Mutt to co-operate with Mixmaster, an +anonymous remailer. Mixmaster permits you to send your messages +anonymously using a chain of remailers. Mixmaster support in Mutt is for +mixmaster version 2.04 (beta 45 appears to be the latest) and 2.03. +It does not support earlier versions or the later so-called version 3 betas, +of which the latest appears to be called 2.9b23. +
+To use it, you'll have to obey certain restrictions. Most
+important, you cannot use the Cc and Bcc headers. To tell
+Mutt to use mixmaster, you have to select a remailer chain, using
+the mix function on the compose menu.
+
+The chain selection screen is divided into two parts. In the +(larger) upper part, you get a list of remailers you may use. In +the lower part, you see the currently selected chain of remailers. +
+You can navigate in the chain using the <chain-prev> and
+<chain-next> functions, which are by default bound to the left
+and right arrows and to the h and l keys (think vi
+keyboard bindings). To insert a remailer at the current chain
+position, use the <insert> function. To append a remailer behind
+the current chain position, use <select-entry> or <append>.
+You can also delete entries from the chain, using the corresponding
+function. Finally, to abandon your changes, leave the menu, or
+<accept> them pressing (by default) the Return key.
+
+Note that different remailers do have different capabilities, +indicated in the %c entry of the remailer menu lines (see +$mix_entry_format). Most important is +the âmiddlemanâ capability, indicated by a capital âMâ: This +means that the remailer in question cannot be used as the final +element of a chain, but will only forward messages to other +mixmaster remailers. For details on the other capabilities, please +have a look at the mixmaster documentation. +