Add logging to pymin.services.firewall module.

[software/pymin.git] / pymin / services / util.py

diff --git a/pymin/services/util.py b/pymin/services/util.py
index 5b895281690586308f9445268c174464f53eae42..21afa63a15f8cbb362bdecacca531d4b51a81071 100644 (file)
--- a/pymin/services/util.py
+++ b/pymin/services/util.py
@@ -8,17 +8,22 @@ try:
     import cPickle as pickle
 except ImportError:
     import pickle
     import cPickle as pickle
 except ImportError:
     import pickle

+import logging ; log = logging.getLogger('pymin.services.util')

 
 from pymin.dispatcher import Handler, handler, HandlerError, \
                                 CommandNotFoundError
 
 from pymin.dispatcher import Handler, handler, HandlerError, \
                                 CommandNotFoundError

+from pymin.seqtools import Sequence

 
 #DEBUG = False
 DEBUG = True
 
 
 #DEBUG = False
 DEBUG = True
 

-__ALL__ = ('ServiceHandler', 'InitdHandler', 'SubHandler', 'DictSubHandler',
-            'ListSubHandler', 'Persistent', 'ConfigWriter', 'Error',
-            'ReturnNot0Error', 'ExecutionError', 'ItemError',
-            'ItemAlreadyExistsError', 'ItemNotFoundError', 'call')
+__ALL__ = ('Error', 'ExecutionError', 'ItemError', 'ItemAlreadyExistsError',
+           'ItemNotFoundError', 'ContainerError', 'ContainerNotFoundError',
+           'call', 'get_network_devices', 'Persistent', 'Restorable',
+           'ConfigWriter', 'ServiceHandler', 'RestartHandler',
+           'ReloadHandler', 'InitdHandler', 'SubHandler', 'DictSubHandler',
+           'ListSubHandler', 'ComposedSubHandler', 'ListComposedSubHandler',
+           'DictComposedSubHandler', 'Device','Address')

 
 class Error(HandlerError):
     r"""
 
 class Error(HandlerError):
     r"""


@@ -31,22 +36,6 @@ class Error(HandlerError):
     """
     pass
 
     """
     pass
 

-class ReturnNot0Error(Error):
-    r"""
-    ReturnNot0Error(return_value) -> ReturnNot0Error instance.
-
-    A command didn't returned the expected 0 return value.
-
-    return_value - Return value returned by the command.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, return_value):
-        r"Initialize the object. See class documentation for more info."
-        self.return_value = return_value
-
-    def __unicode__(self):
-        return 'The command returned %d' % self.return_value
-

 class ExecutionError(Error):
     r"""
     ExecutionError(command, error) -> ExecutionError instance.
 class ExecutionError(Error):
     r"""
     ExecutionError(command, error) -> ExecutionError instance.


@@ -116,7 +105,7 @@ class ItemAlreadyExistsError(ItemError):
 
 class ItemNotFoundError(ItemError):
     r"""
 
 class ItemNotFoundError(ItemError):
     r"""

-    ItemNotFoundError(key) -> ItemNotFoundError instance
+    ItemNotFoundError(key) -> ItemNotFoundError instance.

 
     This exception is raised when trying to operate on an item that doesn't
     exists.
 
     This exception is raised when trying to operate on an item that doesn't
     exists.


@@ -126,23 +115,112 @@ class ItemNotFoundError(ItemError):
         r"Initialize the object. See class documentation for more info."
         self.message = u'Item not found: "%s"' % key
 
         r"Initialize the object. See class documentation for more info."
         self.message = u'Item not found: "%s"' % key
 

+class ContainerError(Error, KeyError):
+    r"""
+    ContainerError(key) -> ContainerError instance.
+
+    This is the base exception for all container related errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, key):
+        r"Initialize the object. See class documentation for more info."
+        self.message = u'Container error: "%s"' % key
+
+class ContainerNotFoundError(ContainerError):
+    r"""
+    ContainerNotFoundError(key) -> ContainerNotFoundError instance.
+
+    This exception is raised when trying to operate on an container that
+    doesn't exists.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, key):
+        r"Initialize the object. See class documentation for more info."
+        self.message = u'Container not found: "%s"' % key
+
+class Address(Sequence):
+    def __init__(self, ip, netmask, broadcast=None, peer=None):
+        self.ip = ip
+        self.netmask = netmask
+        self.broadcast = broadcast
+        self.peer = peer
+    def update(self, netmask=None, broadcast=None):
+        if netmask is not None: self.netmask = netmask
+        if broadcast is not None: self.broadcast = broadcast
+    def as_tuple(self):
+        return (self.ip, self.netmask, self.broadcast, self.peer)
+
+
+class Device(Sequence):
+    def __init__(self, name, mac, ppp):
+        self.name = name
+        self.mac = mac
+        self.ppp = ppp
+        self.addrs = dict()
+        self.routes = list()
+    def as_tuple(self):
+        return (self.name, self.mac, self.addrs)
+
+
+
+def get_network_devices():
+    p = subprocess.Popen(('ip', '-o', 'link'), stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                                    close_fds=True)
+    string = p.stdout.read()
+    p.wait()
+    d = dict()
+    devices = string.splitlines()
+    for dev in devices:
+        mac = ''
+        if dev.find('link/ether') != -1:
+            i = dev.find('link/ether')
+            mac = dev[i+11 : i+11+17]
+            i = dev.find(':')
+            j = dev.find(':', i+1)
+            name = dev[i+2: j]
+            d[name] = Device(name,mac,False)
+        elif dev.find('link/ppp') != -1:
+            i = dev.find('link/ppp')
+            mac =  '00:00:00:00:00:00'
+            i = dev.find(':')
+            j = dev.find(':', i+1)
+            name = dev[i+2 : j]
+            d[name] = Device(name,mac,True)
+            #since the device is ppp, get the address and peer
+            try:
+                p = subprocess.Popen(('ip', '-o', 'addr', 'show', name), stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                                        close_fds=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+                string = p.stdout.read()
+                p.wait()
+                addrs = string.splitlines()
+                inet = addrs[1].find('inet')
+                peer = addrs[1].find('peer')
+                bar = addrs[1].find('/')
+                from_addr = addrs[1][inet+5 : peer-1]
+                to_addr = addrs[1][peer+5 : bar]
+                d[name].addrs[from_addr] = Address(from_addr,24, peer=to_addr)
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+    return d
+
+def get_peers():
+    p = subprocess.Popen(('ip', '-o', 'addr'), stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                                    close_fds=True)

 
 def call(command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True, universal_newlines=True,
             **kw):
 
 def call(command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True, universal_newlines=True,
             **kw):

+    log.debug(u'call(%r)', command)

     if DEBUG:
     if DEBUG:

-        if not isinstance(command, basestring):
-            command = ' '.join(command)
-        print 'Executing command:', command
+        log.debug(u'call: not really executing, DEBUG mode')

         return
     try:
         return
     try:

-        r = subprocess.call(command, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
-                                universal_newlines=universal_newlines,
-                                close_fds=close_fds, **kw)
+        subprocess.check_call(command, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout,
+                    stderr=stderr, close_fds=close_fds,
+                    universal_newlines=universal_newlines, **kw)

     except Exception, e:
     except Exception, e:

+        log.debug(u'call: Execution error %r', e)

         raise ExecutionError(command, e)
         raise ExecutionError(command, e)

-    if r is not 0:
-        raise ExecutionError(command, ReturnNot0Error(r))

 
 class Persistent:
     r"""Persistent([attrs[, dir[, ext]]]) -> Persistent.
 
 class Persistent:
     r"""Persistent([attrs[, dir[, ext]]]) -> Persistent.


@@ -199,14 +277,22 @@ class Persistent:
 
     def _dump_attr(self, attrname):
         r"_dump_attr() -> None :: Dump a specific variable to a pickle file."
 
     def _dump_attr(self, attrname):
         r"_dump_attr() -> None :: Dump a specific variable to a pickle file."

+        fname = self._pickle_filename(attrname)
+        attr = getattr(self, attrname)
+        log.debug(u'Persistent._dump_attr(%r) -> file=%r, value=%r',
+                attrname, fname, attr)

         f = file(self._pickle_filename(attrname), 'wb')
         f = file(self._pickle_filename(attrname), 'wb')

-        pickle.dump(getattr(self, attrname), f, 2)
+        pickle.dump(attr, f, 2)

         f.close()
 
     def _load_attr(self, attrname):
         r"_load_attr() -> object :: Load a specific pickle file."
         f.close()
 
     def _load_attr(self, attrname):
         r"_load_attr() -> object :: Load a specific pickle file."

-        f = file(self._pickle_filename(attrname))
-        setattr(self, attrname, pickle.load(f))
+        fname = self._pickle_filename(attrname)
+        f = file(fname)
+        attr = pickle.load(f)
+        log.debug(u'Persistent._load_attr(%r) -> file=%r, value=%r',
+                attrname, fname, attr)
+        setattr(self, attrname, attr)

         f.close()
 
     def _pickle_filename(self, name):
         f.close()
 
     def _pickle_filename(self, name):


@@ -250,24 +336,28 @@ class Restorable(Persistent):
 
     def _restore(self):
         r"_restore() -> bool :: Restore persistent data or create a default."
 
     def _restore(self):
         r"_restore() -> bool :: Restore persistent data or create a default."

+        log.debug(u'Restorable._restore()')

         try:
         try:

+            log.debug(u'Restorable._restore: trying to load...')

             self._load()
             self._load()

-            # TODO tener en cuenta servicios que hay que levantar y los que no
-            if hasattr(self, 'commit'): # TODO deberia ser reload y/o algo para comandos
-                self.commit()
+            log.debug(u'Restorable._restore: load OK')

             return True
         except IOError:
             return True
         except IOError:

+            log.debug(u'Restorable._restore: load FAILED, making defaults: %r',
+                        self._restorable_defaults)

             for (k, v) in self._restorable_defaults.items():
                 setattr(self, k, v)
             # TODO tener en cuenta servicios que hay que levantar y los que no
             if hasattr(self, 'commit'):
             for (k, v) in self._restorable_defaults.items():
                 setattr(self, k, v)
             # TODO tener en cuenta servicios que hay que levantar y los que no
             if hasattr(self, 'commit'):

+                log.debug(u'Restorable._restore: commit() found, commiting...')

                 self.commit()
                 return False
                 self.commit()
                 return False

+            log.debug(u'Restorable._restore: dumping new defaults...')

             self._dump()
             if hasattr(self, '_write_config'):
             self._dump()
             if hasattr(self, '_write_config'):

+                log.debug(u'Restorable._restore: _write_config() found, '
+                            u'writing new config...')

                 self._write_config()
                 self._write_config()

-            if hasattr(self, 'reload'):
-                self.reload()

             return False
 
 class ConfigWriter:
             return False
 
 class ConfigWriter:


@@ -283,18 +373,24 @@ class ConfigWriter:
 
     class TestHandler(ConfigWriter):
         _config_writer_files = ('base.conf', 'custom.conf')
 
     class TestHandler(ConfigWriter):
         _config_writer_files = ('base.conf', 'custom.conf')

-        _config_writer_cfg_dir = '/etc/service'
+        _config_writer_cfg_dir = {
+                                    'base.conf': '/etc/service',
+                                    'custom.conf': '/etc/service/conf.d',
+                                 }

         _config_writer_tpl_dir = 'templates'
 
     The generated configuration files directory defaults to '.' and the
     templates directory to 'templates'. _config_writer_files has no default and
     must be specified in either way. It can be string or a tuple if more than
         _config_writer_tpl_dir = 'templates'
 
     The generated configuration files directory defaults to '.' and the
     templates directory to 'templates'. _config_writer_files has no default and
     must be specified in either way. It can be string or a tuple if more than

-    one configuration file must be generated.
+    one configuration file must be generated. _config_writer_cfg_dir could be a
+    dict mapping which file should be stored in which directory, or a single
+    string if all the config files should go to the same directory.

 
     The template filename and the generated configuration filename are both the
     same (so if you want to generate some /etc/config, you should have some
     templates/config template). That's why _config_writer_cfg_dir and
 
     The template filename and the generated configuration filename are both the
     same (so if you want to generate some /etc/config, you should have some
     templates/config template). That's why _config_writer_cfg_dir and

-    _config_writer_tpl_dir can't be the same.
+    _config_writer_tpl_dir can't be the same. This is not true for very
+    specific cases where _write_single_config() is used.

 
     When you write your Handler, you should call _config_build_templates() in
     you Handler constructor to build the templates.
 
     When you write your Handler, you should call _config_build_templates() in
     you Handler constructor to build the templates.


@@ -324,6 +420,7 @@ class ConfigWriter:
 
     def _config_build_templates(self):
         r"_config_writer_templates() -> None :: Build the template objects."
 
     def _config_build_templates(self):
         r"_config_writer_templates() -> None :: Build the template objects."

+        log.debug(u'ConfigWriter.build_templates()')

         if isinstance(self._config_writer_files, basestring):
             self._config_writer_files = (self._config_writer_files,)
         if not hasattr(self, '_config_writer_templates') \
         if isinstance(self._config_writer_files, basestring):
             self._config_writer_files = (self._config_writer_files,)
         if not hasattr(self, '_config_writer_templates') \


@@ -348,8 +445,19 @@ class ConfigWriter:
                 vars = dict()
         elif callable(vars):
             vars = vars(template_name)
                 vars = dict()
         elif callable(vars):
             vars = vars(template_name)

+        log.debug(u'ConfigWriter._render_config: rendering template %r with '
+                    u'vars=%r', template_name, vars)

         return self._config_writer_templates[template_name].render(**vars)
 
         return self._config_writer_templates[template_name].render(**vars)
 

+    def _get_config_path(self, template_name, config_filename=None):
+        r"Get a complete configuration path."
+        if not config_filename:
+            config_filename = template_name
+        if isinstance(self._config_writer_cfg_dir, basestring):
+            return path.join(self._config_writer_cfg_dir, config_filename)
+        return path.join(self._config_writer_cfg_dir[template_name],
+                            config_filename)
+

     def _write_single_config(self, template_name, config_filename=None, vars=None):
         r"""_write_single_config(template_name[, config_filename[, vars]]).
 
     def _write_single_config(self, template_name, config_filename=None, vars=None):
         r"""_write_single_config(template_name[, config_filename[, vars]]).
 


@@ -362,8 +470,6 @@ class ConfigWriter:
         variables to replace in the templates, if not, it looks for a
         _get_config_vars() method to get it.
         """
         variables to replace in the templates, if not, it looks for a
         _get_config_vars() method to get it.
         """

-        if not config_filename:
-            config_filename = template_name

         if vars is None:
             if hasattr(self, '_get_config_vars'):
                 vars = self._get_config_vars(template_name)
         if vars is None:
             if hasattr(self, '_get_config_vars'):
                 vars = self._get_config_vars(template_name)


@@ -371,8 +477,11 @@ class ConfigWriter:
                 vars = dict()
         elif callable(vars):
             vars = vars(template_name)
                 vars = dict()
         elif callable(vars):
             vars = vars(template_name)

-        f = file(path.join(self._config_writer_cfg_dir, config_filename), 'w')
+        fname = self._get_config_path(template_name, config_filename)
+        f = file(fname, 'w')

         ctx = Context(f, **vars)
         ctx = Context(f, **vars)

+        log.debug(u'ConfigWriter._write_single_config: rendering template '
+                    u'%r with vars=%r to file %r', template_name, vars, fname)

         self._config_writer_templates[template_name].render_context(ctx)
         f.close()
 
         self._config_writer_templates[template_name].render_context(ctx)
         f.close()
 


@@ -382,7 +491,7 @@ class ConfigWriter:
             self._write_single_config(t)
 
 
             self._write_single_config(t)
 
 

-class ServiceHandler(Handler):
+class ServiceHandler(Handler, Restorable):

     r"""ServiceHandler([start[, stop[, restart[, reload]]]]) -> ServiceHandler.
 
     This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically handle services
     r"""ServiceHandler([start[, stop[, restart[, reload]]]]) -> ServiceHandler.
 
     This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically handle services


@@ -409,32 +518,114 @@ class ServiceHandler(Handler):
 
     def __init__(self, start=None, stop=None, restart=None, reload=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."
 
     def __init__(self, start=None, stop=None, restart=None, reload=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."

+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler(%r, %r, %r, %r)', start, stop, restart,
+                    reload)

         for (name, action) in dict(start=start, stop=stop, restart=restart,
                                                     reload=reload).items():
             if action is not None:
         for (name, action) in dict(start=start, stop=stop, restart=restart,
                                                     reload=reload).items():
             if action is not None:

-                setattr(self, '_service_%s' % name, action)
+                attr_name = '_service_%s' % name
+                log.debug(u'ServiceHandler: using %r as %s', attr_name, action)
+                setattr(self, attr_name, action)
+        self._persistent_attrs = list(self._persistent_attrs)
+        self._persistent_attrs.append('_service_running')
+        if '_service_running' not in self._restorable_defaults:
+            self._restorable_defaults['_service_running'] = False
+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler: restoring service configuration...')
+        self._restore()
+        if self._service_running:
+            log.debug(u'ServiceHandler: service was running, starting it...')
+            self._service_running = False
+            self.start()

 
     @handler(u'Start the service.')
     def start(self):
         r"start() -> None :: Start the service."
 
     @handler(u'Start the service.')
     def start(self):
         r"start() -> None :: Start the service."

-        call(self._service_start)
+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.start()')
+        if not self._service_running:
+            log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.start: not running, starting it...')
+            if callable(self._service_start):
+                self._service_start()
+            else:
+                call(self._service_start)
+            self._service_running = True
+            self._dump_attr('_service_running')

 
     @handler(u'Stop the service.')
     def stop(self):
 
     @handler(u'Stop the service.')
     def stop(self):

+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.stop()')

         r"stop() -> None :: Stop the service."
         r"stop() -> None :: Stop the service."

-        call(self._service_stop)
+        if self._service_running:
+            log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.stop: running, stoping it...')
+            if callable(self._service_stop):
+                self._service_stop()
+            else:
+                call(self._service_stop)
+            self._service_running = False
+            self._dump_attr('_service_running')

 
     @handler(u'Restart the service.')
     def restart(self):
         r"restart() -> None :: Restart the service."
 
     @handler(u'Restart the service.')
     def restart(self):
         r"restart() -> None :: Restart the service."

-        call(self._service_restart)
+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.restart()')
+        if callable(self._service_restart):
+            self._service_restart()
+        else:
+            call(self._service_restart)
+        self._service_running = True
+        self._dump_attr('_service_running')

 
     @handler(u'Reload the service config (without restarting, if possible).')
     def reload(self):
         r"reload() -> None :: Reload the configuration of the service."
 
     @handler(u'Reload the service config (without restarting, if possible).')
     def reload(self):
         r"reload() -> None :: Reload the configuration of the service."

-        call(self._service_reload)
+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.reload()')
+        if self._service_running:
+            log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.reload: running, reloading...')
+            if callable(self._service_reload):
+                self._service_reload()
+            else:
+                call(self._service_reload)
+
+    @handler(u'Tell if the service is running.')
+    def running(self):
+        r"reload() -> None :: Reload the configuration of the service."
+        log.debug(u'ServiceHandler.running() -> %r', self._service_running)
+        if self._service_running:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+class RestartHandler(Handler):
+    r"""RestartHandler() -> RestartHandler :: Provides generic restart command.
+
+    This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically add a restart
+    command that first stop the service and then starts it again (using start
+    and stop commands respectively).
+    """
+
+    @handler(u'Restart the service (alias to stop + start).')
+    def restart(self):
+        r"restart() -> None :: Restart the service calling stop() and start()."
+        log.debug(u'RestartHandler.restart()')
+        self.stop()
+        self.start()
+
+class ReloadHandler(Handler):
+    r"""ReloadHandler() -> ReloadHandler :: Provides generic reload command.
+
+    This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically add a reload
+    command that calls restart.
+    """
+
+    @handler(u'Reload the service config (alias to restart).')
+    def reload(self):
+        r"reload() -> None :: Reload the configuration of the service."
+        log.debug(u'ReloadHandler.reload()')
+        if hasattr(self, '_service_running') and self._service_running:
+            log.debug(u'ReloadHandler.reload: running, reloading...')
+            self.restart()

 
 

-class InitdHandler(Handler):
+class InitdHandler(ServiceHandler):
+    # TODO update docs, declarative style is depracated

     r"""InitdHandler([initd_name[, initd_dir]]) -> InitdHandler.
 
     This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically handle services
     r"""InitdHandler([initd_name[, initd_dir]]) -> InitdHandler.
 
     This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically handle services


@@ -459,30 +650,29 @@ class InitdHandler(Handler):
 
     def __init__(self, initd_name=None, initd_dir=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."
 
     def __init__(self, initd_name=None, initd_dir=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."

+        log.debug(u'InitdHandler(%r, %r)', initd_name, initd_dir)

         if initd_name is not None:
             self._initd_name = initd_name
         if initd_dir is not None:
             self._initd_dir = initd_dir
         if initd_name is not None:
             self._initd_name = initd_name
         if initd_dir is not None:
             self._initd_dir = initd_dir

-
-    @handler(u'Start the service.')
-    def start(self):
-        r"start() -> None :: Start the service."
-        call((path.join(self._initd_dir, self._initd_name), 'start'))
-
-    @handler(u'Stop the service.')
-    def stop(self):
-        r"stop() -> None :: Stop the service."
-        call((path.join(self._initd_dir, self._initd_name), 'stop'))
-
-    @handler(u'Restart the service.')
-    def restart(self):
-        r"restart() -> None :: Restart the service."
-        call((path.join(self._initd_dir, self._initd_name), 'restart'))
-
-    @handler(u'Reload the service config (without restarting, if possible).')
-    def reload(self):
-        r"reload() -> None :: Reload the configuration of the service."
-        call((path.join(self._initd_dir, self._initd_name), 'reload'))
+        actions = dict()
+        for action in ('start', 'stop', 'restart', 'reload'):
+            actions[action] = (path.join(self._initd_dir, self._initd_name),
+                                action)
+        ServiceHandler.__init__(self, **actions)
+
+    def handle_timer(self):
+        # TODO documentation
+        log.debug(u'InitdHandler.handle_timer(): self=%r', self)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(('pgrep', '-f', self._initd_name),
+                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        pid = p.communicate()[0]
+        if p.returncode == 0 and len(pid) > 0:
+            log.debug(u'InitdHandler.handle_timer: pid present, running')
+            self._service_running = True
+        else:
+            log.debug(u'InitdHandler.handle_timer: pid absent, NOT running')
+            self._service_running = False

 
 class TransactionalHandler(Handler):
     r"""Handle command transactions providing a commit and rollback commands.
 
 class TransactionalHandler(Handler):
     r"""Handle command transactions providing a commit and rollback commands.


@@ -503,17 +693,28 @@ class TransactionalHandler(Handler):
     @handler(u'Commit the changes (reloading the service, if necessary).')
     def commit(self):
         r"commit() -> None :: Commit the changes and reload the service."
     @handler(u'Commit the changes (reloading the service, if necessary).')
     def commit(self):
         r"commit() -> None :: Commit the changes and reload the service."

+        log.debug(u'TransactionalHandler.commit()')

         if hasattr(self, '_dump'):
         if hasattr(self, '_dump'):

+            log.debug(u'TransactionalHandler.commit: _dump() present, '
+                        u'dumping...')

             self._dump()
             self._dump()

+        unchanged = False

         if hasattr(self, '_write_config'):
         if hasattr(self, '_write_config'):

-            self._write_config()
-        if hasattr(self, 'reload'):
+            log.debug(u'TransactionalHandler.commit: _write_config() present, '
+                        u'writing config...')
+            unchanged = self._write_config()
+        if not unchanged and hasattr(self, 'reload'):
+            log.debug(u'TransactionalHandler.commit: reload() present, and'
+                        u'configuration changed, reloading...')

             self.reload()
 
     @handler(u'Discard all the uncommited changes.')
     def rollback(self):
         r"rollback() -> None :: Discard the changes not yet commited."
             self.reload()
 
     @handler(u'Discard all the uncommited changes.')
     def rollback(self):
         r"rollback() -> None :: Discard the changes not yet commited."

+        log.debug(u'TransactionalHandler.reload()')

         if hasattr(self, '_load'):
         if hasattr(self, '_load'):

+            log.debug(u'TransactionalHandler.reload: _load() present, loading'
+                        u'pickled values...')

             self._load()
 
 class ParametersHandler(Handler):
             self._load()
 
 class ParametersHandler(Handler):


@@ -537,31 +738,41 @@ class ParametersHandler(Handler):
 
     def __init__(self, attr=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."
 
     def __init__(self, attr=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."

+        log.debug(u'ParametersHandler(%r)', attr)

         if attr is not None:
             self._parameters_attr = attr
 
     @handler(u'Set a service parameter.')
     def set(self, param, value):
         r"set(param, value) -> None :: Set a service parameter."
         if attr is not None:
             self._parameters_attr = attr
 
     @handler(u'Set a service parameter.')
     def set(self, param, value):
         r"set(param, value) -> None :: Set a service parameter."

+        log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.set(%r, %r)', param, value)

         if not param in self.params:
         if not param in self.params:

+            log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.set: parameter not found')

             raise ParameterNotFoundError(param)
         self.params[param] = value
             raise ParameterNotFoundError(param)
         self.params[param] = value

+        if hasattr(self, '_update'):
+            log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.set: _update found, setting to True')
+            self._update = True

 
     @handler(u'Get a service parameter.')
     def get(self, param):
         r"get(param) -> None :: Get a service parameter."
 
     @handler(u'Get a service parameter.')
     def get(self, param):
         r"get(param) -> None :: Get a service parameter."

+        log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.get(%r)', param)

         if not param in self.params:
         if not param in self.params:

+            log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.get: parameter not found')

             raise ParameterNotFoundError(param)
         return self.params[param]
 
     @handler(u'List all available service parameters.')
     def list(self):
         r"list() -> tuple :: List all the parameter names."
             raise ParameterNotFoundError(param)
         return self.params[param]
 
     @handler(u'List all available service parameters.')
     def list(self):
         r"list() -> tuple :: List all the parameter names."

+        log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.list()')

         return self.params.keys()
 
     @handler(u'Get all service parameters, with their values.')
     def show(self):
         r"show() -> (key, value) tuples :: List all the parameters."
         return self.params.keys()
 
     @handler(u'Get all service parameters, with their values.')
     def show(self):
         r"show() -> (key, value) tuples :: List all the parameters."

+        log.debug(u'ParametersHandler.show()')

         return self.params.items()
 
 class SubHandler(Handler):
         return self.params.items()
 
 class SubHandler(Handler):


@@ -575,168 +786,427 @@ class SubHandler(Handler):
 
     def __init__(self, parent):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."
 
     def __init__(self, parent):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."

+        log.debug(u'SubHandler(%r)', parent)

         self.parent = parent
 
         self.parent = parent
 

-class ListSubHandler(SubHandler):
-    r"""ListSubHandler(parent) -> ListSubHandler instance.
-
-    This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically handle subcommands
-    that operates over a list parent attribute.
-
-    The list attribute to handle and the class of objects that it contains can
-    be defined by calling the constructor or in a more declarative way as
-    class attributes, like:
-
-    class TestHandler(ListSubHandler):
-        _list_subhandler_attr = 'some_list'
-        _list_subhandler_class = SomeClass
-
-    This way, the parent's some_list attribute (self.parent.some_list) will be
-    managed automatically, providing the commands: add, update, delete, get,
-    list and show. New items will be instances of SomeClass, which should
-    provide a cmp operator to see if the item is on the list and an update()
-    method, if it should be possible to modify it.
+class ContainerSubHandler(SubHandler):
+    r"""ContainerSubHandler(parent) -> ContainerSubHandler instance.
+
+    This is a helper class to implement ListSubHandler and DictSubHandler. You
+    should not use it directly.
+
+    The container attribute to handle and the class of objects that it
+    contains can be defined by calling the constructor or in a more declarative
+    way as class attributes, like:
+
+    class TestHandler(ContainerSubHandler):
+        _cont_subhandler_attr = 'some_cont'
+        _cont_subhandler_class = SomeClass
+
+    This way, the parent's some_cont attribute (self.parent.some_cont)
+    will be managed automatically, providing the commands: add, update,
+    delete, get and show. New items will be instances of SomeClass,
+    which should provide a cmp operator to see if the item is on the
+    container and an update() method, if it should be possible to modify
+    it. If SomeClass has an _add, _update or _delete attribute, it set
+    them to true when the item is added, updated or deleted respectively
+    (in case that it's deleted, it's not removed from the container,
+    but it's not listed either).

     """
 
     def __init__(self, parent, attr=None, cls=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."
     """
 
     def __init__(self, parent, attr=None, cls=None):
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."

+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler(%r, %r, %r)', parent, attr, cls)

         self.parent = parent
         if attr is not None:
         self.parent = parent
         if attr is not None:

-            self._list_subhandler_attr = attr
+            self._cont_subhandler_attr = attr

         if cls is not None:
         if cls is not None:

-            self._list_subhandler_class = cls
+            self._cont_subhandler_class = cls

 
 

-    def _list(self):
-        return getattr(self.parent, self._list_subhandler_attr)
+    def _attr(self, attr=None):
+        if attr is None:
+            return getattr(self.parent, self._cont_subhandler_attr)
+        setattr(self.parent, self._cont_subhandler_attr, attr)
+
+    def _vattr(self):
+        if isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            return dict([(k, i) for (k, i) in self._attr().items()
+                    if not hasattr(i, '_delete') or not i._delete])
+        return [i for i in self._attr()
+                if not hasattr(i, '_delete') or not i._delete]

 
     @handler(u'Add a new item')
     def add(self, *args, **kwargs):
         r"add(...) -> None :: Add an item to the list."
 
     @handler(u'Add a new item')
     def add(self, *args, **kwargs):
         r"add(...) -> None :: Add an item to the list."

-        item = self._list_subhandler_class(*args, **kwargs)
-        if item in self._list():
+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.add(%r, %r)', args, kwargs)
+        item = self._cont_subhandler_class(*args, **kwargs)
+        if hasattr(item, '_add'):
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.add: _add found, setting to True')
+            item._add = True
+        key = item
+        if isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            key = item.as_tuple()[0]
+        # do we have the same item? then raise an error
+        if key in self._vattr():
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.add: allready exists')

             raise ItemAlreadyExistsError(item)
             raise ItemAlreadyExistsError(item)

-        self._list().append(item)
+        # do we have the same item, but logically deleted? then update flags
+        if key in self._attr():
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.add: was deleted, undeleting it')
+            index = key
+            if not isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+                index = self._attr().index(item)
+            if hasattr(item, '_add'):
+                self._attr()[index]._add = False
+            if hasattr(item, '_delete'):
+                self._attr()[index]._delete = False
+        else: # it's *really* new
+            if isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+                self._attr()[key] = item
+            else:
+                self._attr().append(item)

 
     @handler(u'Update an item')
     def update(self, index, *args, **kwargs):
 
     @handler(u'Update an item')
     def update(self, index, *args, **kwargs):

-        r"update(index, ...) -> None :: Update an item of the list."
+        r"update(index, ...) -> None :: Update an item of the container."
+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.update(%r, %r, %r)',
+                    index, args, kwargs)

         # TODO make it right with metaclasses, so the method is not created
         # unless the update() method really exists.
         # TODO make it right with metaclasses, so the method is not created
         # unless the update() method really exists.

-        # TODO check if the modified item is the same of an existing one
-        index = int(index) # TODO validation
-        if not hasattr(self._list_subhandler_class, 'update'):
+        if not isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            index = int(index) # TODO validation
+        if not hasattr(self._cont_subhandler_class, 'update'):
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.update: update() not found, '
+                        u"can't really update, raising command not found")

             raise CommandNotFoundError(('update',))
         try:
             raise CommandNotFoundError(('update',))
         try:

-            self._list()[index].update(*args, **kwargs)
-        except IndexError:
+            item = self._vattr()[index]
+            item.update(*args, **kwargs)
+            if hasattr(item, '_update'):
+                log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.update: _update found, '
+                            u'setting to True')
+                item._update = True
+        except LookupError:
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.update: item not found')

             raise ItemNotFoundError(index)
 
     @handler(u'Delete an item')
     def delete(self, index):
             raise ItemNotFoundError(index)
 
     @handler(u'Delete an item')
     def delete(self, index):

-        r"delete(index) -> None :: Delete an item of the list."
-        index = int(index) # TODO validation
+        r"delete(index) -> None :: Delete an item of the container."
+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.delete(%r)', index)
+        if not isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            index = int(index) # TODO validation

         try:
         try:

-            return self._list().pop(index)
-        except IndexError:
+            item = self._vattr()[index]
+            if hasattr(item, '_delete'):
+                log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.delete: _delete found, '
+                            u'setting to True')
+                item._delete = True
+            else:
+                del self._attr()[index]
+            return item
+        except LookupError:
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.delete: item not found')

             raise ItemNotFoundError(index)
 
             raise ItemNotFoundError(index)
 

+    @handler(u'Remove all items (use with care).')
+    def clear(self):
+        r"clear() -> None :: Delete all items of the container."
+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.clear()')
+        # FIXME broken really, no _delete attribute is setted :S
+        if isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            self._attr.clear()
+        else:
+            self._attr(list())
+

     @handler(u'Get information about an item')
     def get(self, index):
     @handler(u'Get information about an item')
     def get(self, index):

-        r"get(index) -> Host :: List all the information of an item."
-        index = int(index) # TODO validation
+        r"get(index) -> item :: List all the information of an item."
+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.get(%r)', index)
+        if not isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            index = int(index) # TODO validation

         try:
         try:

-            return self._list()[index]
-        except IndexError:
+            return self._vattr()[index]
+        except LookupError:
+            log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.get: item not found')

             raise ItemNotFoundError(index)
 
             raise ItemNotFoundError(index)
 

+    @handler(u'Get information about all items')
+    def show(self):
+        r"show() -> list of items :: List all the complete items information."
+        log.debug(u'ContainerSubHandler.show()')
+        if isinstance(self._attr(), dict):
+            return self._attr().values()
+        return self._vattr()
+
+class ListSubHandler(ContainerSubHandler):
+    r"""ListSubHandler(parent) -> ListSubHandler instance.
+
+    ContainerSubHandler holding lists. See ComposedSubHandler documentation
+    for details.
+    """
+

     @handler(u'Get how many items are in the list')
     def len(self):
         r"len() -> int :: Get how many items are in the list."
     @handler(u'Get how many items are in the list')
     def len(self):
         r"len() -> int :: Get how many items are in the list."

-        return len(self._list())
-
-    @handler(u'Get information about all items')
-    def show(self):
-        r"show() -> list of Hosts :: List all the complete items information."
-        return self._list()
+        log.debug(u'ListContainerSubHandler.len()')
+        return len(self._vattr())

 
 

-class DictSubHandler(SubHandler):
+class DictSubHandler(ContainerSubHandler):

     r"""DictSubHandler(parent) -> DictSubHandler instance.
 
     r"""DictSubHandler(parent) -> DictSubHandler instance.
 

-    This is a helper class to inherit from to automatically handle subcommands
-    that operates over a dict parent attribute.
-
-    The dict attribute to handle and the class of objects that it contains can
-    be defined by calling the constructor or in a more declarative way as
-    class attributes, like:
+    ContainerSubHandler holding dicts. See ComposedSubHandler documentation
+    for details.
+    """

 
 

-    class TestHandler(DictSubHandler):
-        _dict_subhandler_attr = 'some_dict'
-        _dict_subhandler_class = SomeClass
+    @handler(u'List all the items by key')
+    def list(self):
+        r"list() -> tuple :: List all the item keys."
+        log.debug(u'DictContainerSubHandler.list()')
+        return self._attr().keys()
+
+class ComposedSubHandler(SubHandler):
+    r"""ComposedSubHandler(parent) -> ComposedSubHandler instance.
+
+    This is a helper class to implement ListComposedSubHandler and
+    DictComposedSubHandler. You should not use it directly.
+
+    This class is usefull when you have a parent that has a dict (cont)
+    that stores some object that has an attribute (attr) with a list or
+    a dict of objects of some class. In that case, this class provides
+    automated commands to add, update, delete, get and show that objects.
+    This commands takes the cont (key of the dict for the object holding
+    the attr), and an index for access the object itself (in the attr
+    list/dict).
+
+    The container object (cont) that holds a containers, the attribute of
+    that object that is the container itself, and the class of the objects
+    that it contains can be defined by calling the constructor or in a
+    more declarative way as class attributes, like:

 
 

-    This way, the parent's some_dict attribute (self.parent.some_dict) will be
-    managed automatically, providing the commands: add, update, delete, get,
-    list and show. New items will be instances of SomeClass, which should
-    provide a constructor with at least the key value and an update() method,
-    if it should be possible to modify it.
+    class TestHandler(ComposedSubHandler):
+        _comp_subhandler_cont = 'some_cont'
+        _comp_subhandler_attr = 'some_attr'
+        _comp_subhandler_class = SomeClass
+
+    This way, the parent's some_cont attribute (self.parent.some_cont)
+    will be managed automatically, providing the commands: add, update,
+    delete, get and show for manipulating a particular instance that holds
+    of SomeClass. For example, updating an item at the index 5 is the same
+    (simplified) as doing parent.some_cont[cont][5].update().
+    SomeClass should provide a cmp operator to see if the item is on the
+    container and an update() method, if it should be possible to modify
+    it. If SomeClass has an _add, _update or _delete attribute, it set
+    them to true when the item is added, updated or deleted respectively
+    (in case that it's deleted, it's not removed from the container,
+    but it's not listed either). If the container objects
+    (parent.some_cont[cont]) has an _update attribute, it's set to True
+    when any add, update or delete command is executed.

     """
 
     """
 

-    def __init__(self, parent, attr=None, cls=None):
+    def __init__(self, parent, cont=None, attr=None, cls=None):

         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."
         r"Initialize the object, see the class documentation for details."

+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler(%r, %r, %r, %r)',
+                    parent, cont, attr, cls)

         self.parent = parent
         self.parent = parent

+        if cont is not None:
+            self._comp_subhandler_cont = cont

         if attr is not None:
         if attr is not None:

-            self._dict_subhandler_attr = attr
+            self._comp_subhandler_attr = attr

         if cls is not None:
         if cls is not None:

-            self._dict_subhandler_class = cls
+            self._comp_subhandler_class = cls
+
+    def _cont(self):
+        return getattr(self.parent, self._comp_subhandler_cont)
+
+    def _attr(self, cont, attr=None):
+        if attr is None:
+            return getattr(self._cont()[cont], self._comp_subhandler_attr)
+        setattr(self._cont()[cont], self._comp_subhandler_attr, attr)

 
 

-    def _dict(self):
-        return getattr(self.parent, self._dict_subhandler_attr)
+    def _vattr(self, cont):
+        if isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            return dict([(k, i) for (k, i) in self._attr(cont).items()
+                    if not hasattr(i, '_delete') or not i._delete])
+        return [i for i in self._attr(cont)
+                if not hasattr(i, '_delete') or not i._delete]

 
     @handler(u'Add a new item')
 
     @handler(u'Add a new item')

-    def add(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
-        r"add(key, ...) -> None :: Add an item to the dict."
-        item = self._dict_subhandler_class(key, *args, **kwargs)
-        if key in self._dict():
-            raise ItemAlreadyExistsError(key)
-        self._dict()[key] = item
+    def add(self, cont, *args, **kwargs):
+        r"add(cont, ...) -> None :: Add an item to the list."
+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add(%r, %r, %r)', cont, args, kwargs)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: container not found')
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        item = self._comp_subhandler_class(*args, **kwargs)
+        if hasattr(item, '_add'):
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: _add found, setting to True')
+            item._add = True
+        key = item
+        if isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            key = item.as_tuple()[0]
+        # do we have the same item? then raise an error
+        if key in self._vattr(cont):
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: allready exists')
+            raise ItemAlreadyExistsError(item)
+        # do we have the same item, but logically deleted? then update flags
+        if key in self._attr(cont):
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: was deleted, undeleting it')
+            index = key
+            if not isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+                index = self._attr(cont).index(item)
+            if hasattr(item, '_add'):
+                self._attr(cont)[index]._add = False
+            if hasattr(item, '_delete'):
+                self._attr(cont)[index]._delete = False
+        else: # it's *really* new
+            if isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+                self._attr(cont)[key] = item
+            else:
+                self._attr(cont).append(item)
+        if hasattr(self._cont()[cont], '_update'):
+            log.debug(u"ComposedSubHandler.add: container's _update found, "
+                        u'setting to True')
+            self._cont()[cont]._update = True

 
     @handler(u'Update an item')
 
     @handler(u'Update an item')

-    def update(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
-        r"update(key, ...) -> None :: Update an item of the dict."
+    def update(self, cont, index, *args, **kwargs):
+        r"update(cont, index, ...) -> None :: Update an item of the container."

         # TODO make it right with metaclasses, so the method is not created
         # unless the update() method really exists.
         # TODO make it right with metaclasses, so the method is not created
         # unless the update() method really exists.

-        if not hasattr(self._dict_subhandler_class, 'update'):
+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.update(%r, %r, %r, %r)',
+                    cont, index, args, kwargs)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: container not found')
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        if not isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            index = int(index) # TODO validation
+        if not hasattr(self._comp_subhandler_class, 'update'):
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.update: update() not found, '
+                        u"can't really update, raising command not found")

             raise CommandNotFoundError(('update',))
             raise CommandNotFoundError(('update',))

-        if not key in self._dict():
-            raise ItemNotFoundError(key)
-        self._dict()[key].update(*args, **kwargs)
+        try:
+            item = self._vattr(cont)[index]
+            item.update(*args, **kwargs)
+            if hasattr(item, '_update'):
+                log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.update: _update found, '
+                            u'setting to True')
+                item._update = True
+            if hasattr(self._cont()[cont], '_update'):
+                log.debug(u"ComposedSubHandler.add: container's _update found, "
+                            u'setting to True')
+                self._cont()[cont]._update = True
+        except LookupError:
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.update: item not found')
+            raise ItemNotFoundError(index)

 
     @handler(u'Delete an item')
 
     @handler(u'Delete an item')

-    def delete(self, key):
-        r"delete(key) -> None :: Delete an item of the dict."
-        if not key in self._dict():
-            raise ItemNotFoundError(key)
-        del self._dict()[key]
+    def delete(self, cont, index):
+        r"delete(cont, index) -> None :: Delete an item of the container."
+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.delete(%r, %r)', cont, index)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: container not found')
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        if not isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            index = int(index) # TODO validation
+        try:
+            item = self._vattr(cont)[index]
+            if hasattr(item, '_delete'):
+                log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.delete: _delete found, '
+                            u'setting to True')
+                item._delete = True
+            else:
+                del self._attr(cont)[index]
+            if hasattr(self._cont()[cont], '_update'):
+                log.debug(u"ComposedSubHandler.add: container's _update found, "
+                            u'setting to True')
+                self._cont()[cont]._update = True
+            return item
+        except LookupError:
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.delete: item not found')
+            raise ItemNotFoundError(index)

 
 

-    @handler(u'Get information about an item')
-    def get(self, key):
-        r"get(key) -> Host :: List all the information of an item."
-        if not key in self._dict():
-            raise ItemNotFoundError(key)
-        return self._dict()[key]
+    @handler(u'Remove all items (use with care).')
+    def clear(self, cont):
+        r"clear(cont) -> None :: Delete all items of the container."
+        # FIXME broken really, no item or container _delete attribute is
+        #       setted :S
+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.clear(%r)', cont)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: container not found')
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        if isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            self._attr(cont).clear()
+        else:
+            self._attr(cont, list())

 
 

-    @handler(u'List all the items by key')
-    def list(self):
-        r"list() -> tuple :: List all the item keys."
-        return self._dict().keys()
+    @handler(u'Get information about an item')
+    def get(self, cont, index):
+        r"get(cont, index) -> item :: List all the information of an item."
+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.get(%r, %r)', cont, index)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: container not found')
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        if not isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            index = int(index) # TODO validation
+        try:
+            return self._vattr(cont)[index]
+        except LookupError:
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.get: item not found')
+            raise ItemNotFoundError(index)

 
     @handler(u'Get information about all items')
 
     @handler(u'Get information about all items')

-    def show(self):
-        r"show() -> list of Hosts :: List all the complete items information."
-        return self._dict().values()
+    def show(self, cont):
+        r"show(cont) -> list of items :: List all the complete items information."
+        log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.show(%r)', cont)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            log.debug(u'ComposedSubHandler.add: container not found')
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        if isinstance(self._attr(cont), dict):
+            return self._attr(cont).values()
+        return self._vattr(cont)
+
+class ListComposedSubHandler(ComposedSubHandler):
+    r"""ListComposedSubHandler(parent) -> ListComposedSubHandler instance.
+
+    ComposedSubHandler holding lists. See ComposedSubHandler documentation
+    for details.
+    """
+
+    @handler(u'Get how many items are in the list')
+    def len(self, cont):
+        r"len(cont) -> int :: Get how many items are in the list."
+        log.debug(u'ListComposedSubHandler.len(%r)', cont)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        return len(self._vattr(cont))
+
+class DictComposedSubHandler(ComposedSubHandler):
+    r"""DictComposedSubHandler(parent) -> DictComposedSubHandler instance.
+
+    ComposedSubHandler holding dicts. See ComposedSubHandler documentation
+    for details.
+    """
+
+    @handler(u'List all the items by key')
+    def list(self, cont):
+        r"list(cont) -> tuple :: List all the item keys."
+        log.debug(u'DictComposedSubHandler.list(%r)', cont)
+        if not cont in self._cont():
+            raise ContainerNotFoundError(cont)
+        return self._attr(cont).keys()

 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
 

+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level   = logging.DEBUG,
+        format  = '%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',
+        datefmt = '%H:%M:%S',
+    )
+
+    import sys
+

     # Execution tests
     class STestHandler1(ServiceHandler):
         _service_start = ('service', 'start')
     # Execution tests
     class STestHandler1(ServiceHandler):
         _service_start = ('service', 'start')


@@ -839,3 +1309,5 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     os.rmdir('templates')
     print
 
     os.rmdir('templates')
     print
 

+    print get_network_devices()
+